Either the Ground surveys or using high-resolution satellite.
If you choose a ground survey, it is done the tree dimensional measurements directly in the field.
But, if not, then it must have a high-resolution satellite data, so that the tree canopy seen clearly. Thus, crown diameter can be measured directly. For the diameter of the tree can be chosen tree as an example and can be measured directly in the field. If not into the field, then the satellite photograph find some trees that look and measure the stem diameter. Thus we already have data stem diameter and crown diameter.
The relationship is unlikely to driven by tree species characteristics. The management history impacting on tree density and associated total canopy over time would seem the driver.