I'm working on functionalizing the surface of spherical glass particles with amines using a commercial silane coupling agent. I've seen plenty of examples of the reaction conditions, but after the reaction, how can you determine the number of free amines on the surface?
Similarly, if I do another modification step where the amine is converted to a maleimide, would the same method work?
I have seen where FTIR can be used to show that the reaction has occurred, but nothing quantitative in terms of mol/g that could be used in stoichiometric calculations to use the modified particles as a crosslinker.
I was thinking TGA could be used to remove the organic outer surface, but since there is not a perfect monolayer of amines/maleimides, the conversion from the mass burned off to moles of functionality would be inaccurate.
Thank you!
Hi Derek Bischoff . Ninhydrin has been used to quantitate -NH2 groups.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1016/0307-4412%2878%2990153-X
Not sure about quantitating maleimides, but maybe reacting it with glutathione and then using ninhydrin.
I think that X Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy ,(XPS) could help you.
The problem is to find a site that has the equipment and the proficiency
Dear all, various spectroscopic techniques are used for such a purpose. In one of the suggested documents below, TGA and NMR are being compared. Please refer to the following documents. My Regards
https://doi.org/10.1039/C9AN01080G
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02803
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331292991_Quantification_of_Amine_Functional_Groups_on_Silica_Nanoparticles_A_Multi-Method_Approach
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-53773-3
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