You cannot publish a hypothesis - you can only publish a full study. A hypothesis, of course, can be proposed using experimental, quasi-experimental and descriptive data.
If you are asking 'can you publish quantitative studies without data'? - I would doubt it very much.
These answers are far from correct. There is a complete journal dedicated to publishing hypotheses "Medical Hypotheses". I have myself published a hypothesis in the journal. Why I asked this question was to get tips, dos and don'ts of conveying a hypothesis in the form of manuscript so as to explain it well. This is particularly relevant to hypothesis for which there is no support from experimental data.
Please don't give your replies without really understanding the question of without having proper knowledge of the subject. It may improve your RG-score but that may not be that important as your impression as a scholar.
As a learner and student its interesting and new to know about such a journal. Can you please share the link or guide us further on the subject? I would like to be part of it.
This is not quite relevant to the question, but maybe would be helpfull for somebody. Hypotheses articles are also published in a peer-rewieved Journal of Biological Research-Thessaloniki. https://jbiolres.biomedcentral.com/submission-guidelines/preparing-your-manuscript/hypotheses