There are several preferred protocols to obtain good images of nanoparticles after drying the samples. Here's a general protocol that can be used:
1. Prepare the nanoparticle sample: Start by dispersing the nanoparticles in an appropriate medium such as water, ethanol, or isopropanol. Sonicate the solution briefly to ensure proper dispersion and minimize aggregation.
2. Sample preparation: Apply a few drops (typically 5-10 µL) of the nanoparticle suspension onto a clean and dust-free microscopy slide. Alternatively, you can deposit a drop on a specifically designed sample holder, such as a TEM grid or a SEM stub.
3. Drying process: Allow the sample to air dry at room temperature or use a gentle stream of nitrogen to evaporate the solvent. The drying process should be slow and controlled to minimize nanoparticle movement and aggregation.
4. Fixation (optional): If necessary, you can fix the nanoparticles by adding a suitable fixative, such as glutaraldehyde or formaldehyde, prior to drying. This helps to preserve the particle morphology and prevent any alterations during the drying process.
5. Imaging: Once the sample is dry, it is ready for imaging. Depending on the nanoparticle size and the desired resolution, you can use various microscopy techniques such as SEM, TEM, AFM, or even optical microscopy if the particles are large enough.
6. Choose appropriate microscopy settings: Adjust the microscope settings, including acceleration voltage, magnification, and detector parameters, according to the specific instrument and the expected image quality. It's important to balance the beam intensity to avoid damaging the particles while still obtaining sufficient contrast.
7. Image acquisition and analysis: Take multiple images of different regions of the sample to ensure representative results. Analyze the acquired images using suitable software for particle sizing, shape analysis, or any other relevant quantitative measurements.
It's worth noting that the choice of microscopy technique should be based on the specific requirements of your nanoparticles, such as their size, shape, and desired resolution. Additionally, it may be helpful to consult the instrument manufacturer's guidelines for imaging nanoparticles with their specific microscope model.