Oxide/hydroxide biochar nanocomposites are produced mainly by three methods viz. i) target element fortification via bio-accumulation, ii) pre-treatment of biomass by means of metal salt, and iii) post pyrolysis insertion of nanometal oxide.
First choose the bio material. Then to make it a biochar (BC)material heat it in an inert condition (N2 or Ar atmosphere). Try to optimize the heating process i.e., the heat flow, rate, gas flow, etc. To optimize the condition try to characterize the BC materials collected in different conditions. Then active the carbonize material in alkaline or acidic medium. To prepare the metal-BC hybrid material, mix the BC with metal salts and after calcination you will get the hybrid material. You may use co-precipitation method as suggested by Amjad Khan. To prepare the metal engrafted metal BC hybrid, 1st reduce the metal salts to the metallic form and try to engraft to form the metal nanoparticles engrafted BC materials.
I can say the above from the best of my knowledge.
You may look at these articles on BC: org/10.1007/s42250-022-00467-5, org/10.1007/s42250-022-00534-x