...you may have a look into Vanberger et al 2020: Book Transformation of agricultural landscapes in the Anthropocen...

Hai,

The following article may be useful for your requirement;

Organic Farming and Sustainable Agriculture -- Dr. A. Seilan, Organic Farming and Sustainable Agriculture. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340085155_Organic_Farming_and_Sustainable_Agriculture [accessed Jun 18 2021].

Good luck.

Thank you very much Nils Borchard, Muhammad Ziaul Hoque

Good luck

Using different sets of manure from chicken, dead plants, cows, sheep, goats among other animals.

Many thanks, Kiprotich Kiptum

Dear Akeel,

Increasing biodiversity above and below the soil is the approach that eventually will increase crop yields and ecosystem services. Above ground this can be achieved through a variety of agronomic practices such as: intercropping, crop rotation, agroforestry thus, employing perennial plants rather than annuals. Adding livestock to the system (including small species) is advantageous because all this diversity leaves on the land diverse organic residues that feed the soil organisms.

Therefore diversity above ground will enhance the diversity below ground! In the soil living organisms are mainly decomposers. These will digest the crops residues and humify the soil organic matter (SOM). Therefore, increasing SOM will be important to spur diversity below ground thus, yielding healthy crops and restoring ecosystem services (e.g.: soil fertility and water retention capability, pollination, biological control of noxious pests, etc.), that cannot be achieved in a monoculture.

Thank you so much Bruno Borsari for your informative answer

Agree with Bruno Borsari

Hi. Kindly the following article that might help you very much:

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.2010.0143

I believe crop agronomy and breeding can answer this. often, we overdose fertilizers without a significant increase in yield and costing us more. on the other hand intensive breeding is required for fertilizer responsiveness. cultivars that can perform better under lower fertilizer dose, are must.

It could be possible by knowing the N content of inorganic fertilizer needed by the crop and the N content of the organic fertilizer. Once the N content of the organic fertilizer is the same with inorganic fertilizer, it could result to a comparable yield to inorganically grown crops without harming our ecosystem. In that way we could attain sustainability and balance environment.

Thank you very much Aref Wazwaz Ghulam Ullah Dionie Barrientos

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Pleas me my review paper in Egyptian Journal of Agr SCi

Crop production is seriously threatened by drought. Greater availability of nitrogen and phosphorus through intercropping with grain legumes and incubation with Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) can alleviate the negative effect of water stress on some crops. However, row crop-grain legume intercropping and using PSB bacteria is not welcomed or widely accepted by smallholder farmers in arid regions. The problem is that N-fixation by grain legumes cannot complementarily satisfy nitrogen demand of row crop especially in low phosphorus soils of these regions under restricted irrigation. The efficiency of PSB bacteria also is very low in the alkaline soil of this region.  It suggests that some amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be used in this intercropping system. Nitrogen also consumption improves the efficiency of PSB bacteria. So, consumption of some nitrogen, and incubation with PSB bacteria meet entirely the need for phosphorus fertilizer. Significant water saving by restricting irrigation without significant yield loss in row crop and grain legumes can be regarded as an advantage of this method.  So, farmers can cultivate more land with the same amount of water. In such a situation, even small foliage of the grain legumes, as green manure can convince the farmers to use the row crop -grain legumes intercropping system even under restricted irrigation conditions. Futures studies must focus on a better understanding of competition and facilitation of two crops for water and nutrients. They also must pay attention to nitrogen × PSB bacteria, and Phosphorus × rhizobacteria synergic interactions on yield of and sources use efficiency of both crops. These studies may help to better water and plant nutrition management in a way that is environmentally safe and economical for farmers.

Thank you, Prof. Ahad Madani for your valuable thought on this. Can you please send the full paper?

According to increase of crop yield and ecosystem or (ecological system ) cause significant crop yield loss. for ecosystem factors my effect to contribute for crop resilience for pests or other stress like a climate change.

Overall to get the sustainable agriculture production I would suggest to promote service thereby reducing and Increasing depend on Agronomic Inputs while maintaining high crop yield for considering biodiversity and implementation of new crop production is needed to investigate on local challenges to understand.

Article Modeling the Soil Erosion Regulation Ecosystem Services of t...