I have synthesized rGO/In₂O₃ composite using the hydrothermal method and am trying to prepare a homogeneous solution for spin coating. I used an ethanol-to-deionized water (1:1) ratio as the solvent and subjected the solution to ultrasonication for 1 hour followed by stirring at room temperature for another hour. However, the resulting solution is not homogeneous. Could you suggest any suitable binders or surfactants that could help in achieving a stable and uniform dispersion of the rGO/In₂O₃ composite for thin-film deposition?
To improve the dispersion of your rGO/In₂O₃ composite in the ethanol-water solvent system, you can try the following surfactants or binders:
Surfactants:Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS): A commonly used anionic surfactant that can help stabilize rGO and metal oxide nanoparticles in aqueous or mixed-solvent systems. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB): A cationic surfactant that may enhance the dispersion of metal oxide nanoparticles. Triton X-100 or Tween 80: Nonionic surfactants that can improve dispersion without introducing charged species. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP): Acts as both a dispersant and a stabilizer, commonly used in nanoparticle synthesis.
Try adding a small amount (0.1–1 wt%) of these agents and optimize the concentration to avoid excessive viscosity, which might hinder spin coating. You may also experiment with adjusting the ethanol-to-water ratio to find a better solvent balance for the composite.
Functionalization or pH Adjustment:
If aggregation persists, modifying the surface chemistry can help:
- Adjusting pH by adding a small amount of ammonia (NH₃) or acetic acid can influence dispersion.
- Functionalizing rGO with carboxyl (-COOH) or amine (-NH₂) groups can improve compatibility with In₂O₃ and the solvent.
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