I am working with symbiont bacteria of steinernematid and heterorhrabditid nematodes and want to extract their endotoxins. Kindly provide the procedure for extraction as well as for their characterization.
I have a query that, Do these nematode symbiotic bacteria produces endotoxin majorly ?? As these have produces the exotoxins complexes viz., protease, metaloproteases, chitinase etc. which are responsible for higher and quick knockdown of insect.
Endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and they are present in bacterial cell wall. Generally, they released when bacteria died. They are also found to suppressive the host's immunity. And the majority of produced toxins without no doubt are exotoxins.
I understand your question so I recommended that paper because Joel Sheets works on the endotoxins comes from the cells. I still work on this approach. any way this is the methods
Cell pellets had been obtained from a 2 liter culture of Xenorhabdus or Photorhabdus spp. fermentation for 24h. The pellets had been suspended in 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0, 100 mM NaCl, 1mM DTT, 10% glycerol and lysozyme (0.6 mg/ml). A small amount of glass beads (0.5 mm dia.), had been added and cells had been disrupted by sonication. Then broken cells had been centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 60 min. at 4°C., supernatant was then collected. A bacterial protease inhibitor cocktail had been added (Sigma, St. Louis), and the solution had been dialyzed against 25 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0 overnight. The protein was then loaded onto a Q Sepharose XL (1.6 x 10 cm) anion exchange column, (Pharmacia). Bound proteins were eluted using a linear 0 to 1 M NaCl gradient in 5 column volumes. The high molecular weight toxin complexes were eluted in the early fractions. Bound and unbound fractions were obtained.
He used four columns to get purified toxin. Just read the paper.
There are another kind of toxin in the outer cell membrane of the bacteria.