I knew that cyclic voltammetry was conducted with beakers using three electrodes, but when I read the battery-related paper, I saw that cv was performed with coin cells. How do coin cells apply reference electrodes? Like how do they set Li+/Li as a reference?
I should say that there are 3 types of electric cells: 4-electrode, 3-electrode and 2-electrode.
The two latter cells measure the system in the same way. But the 2-electrode cell doesn’t have any reference electrode. So, this measurement is rougher. However, you can’t use the 3-electrode cells for some materials - especially for solid ones. And even 4-electrode systems might not be applied. In this case you choose 2-electrode system.
i think the latter - 2-electrode - is what you are asking about.
Dear Jeonghwan Kim,
for three electrode measurements on a coin cell, you can have a look at this paper:
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 161 (9) A1253-A1260 (2014)
I hope this helps,
Best regards,
Nicolas
Dear Nicolas Murer,
yes, it is a good ref.[1], but the interesting point, about the interpretation for the “inductive effect”[1], should be, a bit, else[2].
A hint: A Cu-tube might show better EIS-spectra, without the “inductive effect”[1].
1. Conclusions: ...negative “inductive effect” from the CE, in: Article Measurements and Simulations of Electrochemical Impedance Sp...
2. It is rather a corrosion issue, due to the new (inserted SS//electrolyte) interface. It is a surface damage of the inserted SS-tube, located nearby the CE, e.g. used for the 'hole for the added-on RE', as a pass in the CE).
I'll add a question rather than an answer which might be helpful for you.
Is it okay to measure the potentials with respect to open-circuit potential (Voc) rather than reference potential (Vreff)? If so, you can easily use the two-electrode system.
Dear Isuru Lakmal ,
yes, sometimes[1-4], It might be (critical and) decisive ('okay'[4]) to approach a time consuming measurement of the (quasi-potentials via) open-circuit potential, Voc, after acceptable (commonly, very long) relaxation time->oo, Voc(time->oo), in GITT[3] analysis of 'fresh' cells, whenever (long relaxation) time is not an issue.
1. GITT Analysis of Lithium Insertion Cathodes for Determining the Lithium Diffusion Coefficient at Low Temperature: Challenges and Pitfalls https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1945-7111/ab9404/meta
2. Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration and Performance Based Analysis of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 Cathode https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70071.pdf
3. Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration Technique (GITT) https://www.metrohm.com/en/applications/AN-BAT-003
4. for cells with a two-electrodes' configuration.
Dear Isuru Lakmal,
as a good reference electrode in coin cells you can use Li4Ti5O12 or LiFePO4.
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