It is sufficient to polarize it as an anode in a chloride-containing solution; I suggest you to maintain a small current value for a relatively long time (one hour)
Yes, the immersion in bleach seems to be an interesting alternative... However, an anodic polarization should provide a thicker film.
I don't think that a portion of unchloridized silver is required.
In order to test your electrode, I think that you may simply connect it to a voltmeter and measure its potential (in a chloride solution of suitable concentration) against a commercial Ag/AgCl electrode. The chloride solution for the test should have the same chloride concentration of the KCl solution present in the commercial electrode. If everything is OK, the voltmeter should provide you a value close to zero.