As we know, every process in physics results in an amount of exergy destruction. Is there any estimation about the exergy destruction rate of the overall world processes? When the exergy of the world will be finished? Is there any estimation?
What about energy that can be earned from conversion of mass to energy? As we know, nuclear masses can be produced by enrichment, however the enriching energy is so much lower than the energy that may be produced from mass conversion.
Majid Asadnia Yes, after all the energy resources are gone. Of course, the role of the solar energy in genesis of many of these sources of energy should not be forgotten.
In islam it is very clear, a day come when all the living things destroyed and this day is know as judgement day or Doom day(Qyamat). In Islam which gives all the answer of related to thermodynamic or exery destruction. In Quran it is very clear the sun is a meter faraway from us and every things destroyed, every living things dead. Obviously, you seen the destruction on the earth very rapidly comes to the end mark.
The main answer is already given above. Anyway it might be useful to add some aspects. The destruction of exergy depends also from the chosen reference system because we speak of a system consideration in universe, so we could also use the space itself as a reference system for exergy considerations and using its thermodynamic state as a reference. In this case there would still exist a remaining exergy expressing the potential difference between earth and the environment represented by the universe system. However exergy is helpful in many cases but if we would only ask for the irreversible entropy production we would get only one answer independent from the reference system. The other interesting aspect from an engineering point of view is the path of distruction. The distruction of exergy is only caused by dissipation with the only effect of irreversible entropy/heat production to be transferred to the space if we observe the earth over its history. The human use of wind mills and solar panels etc. allows principally a destruction path that produces an economic value that can be utilized. However at the end of the process finally the irreversible entropy production will be the same only its economic value differs.