there are many indicators to measure the resilience of ecosystem specially Eco-DRR (ecosystem based disaster risk reduction measures) that were being considered while ecosystem management was practiced. Similarly, you should have wide knowledge of climate, agriculture, forest land area, and direct and indirect impact of disasters on ecosystem and level of hazards in the ecosystem.

Interesting question... epistemologically speaking.

Who is judging what constitutes "resilience"? Is it a trend or point of being in equilibrium? How do we see beyond the ethnocentric human lens to see all the interdependent and symbiotic relationships that make ecosystems resilient?

I believe that human based domination and the illusion of control undermines 'resilience' in more negative ways than positive when externalizations and unintended consequences are factored into our thinking. Typically they are excluded without any possibility of creating synthesis. There in lies the problem. Human perspectives of "resilience" are often simplistic, human value driven and disconnected from the gestalt. Restoration attempts to make a bride out of a rape victim as we pretend to have a hand in 'resilience'. Pogo was right, 'we have met the enemy and they is us'.

Dear Mr. Kafle,

I suggest you to read some of the most interesting chapters of the book:

Gunderson, L.H., Allen, C.R., Holling, C.S. 2012. Foundations of ecological resilience. Island Press, Washington D.C., USA.

Furthermore, the workbooks contained in the next section of the Resilience Alliance website will provide you with many examples:

http://www.resalliance.org/index.php/resilience_assessment

Also, these two articles will help you to focus your problem in order to define proxies of ecological resilience:

Steve Carpenter, Brian Walker, J. M. Anderies, N. Abel. 2001. From Metaphor to Measurement: Resilience of What to What? Ecosystems, 4 (8): 765-781.

Gunderson, L.H. 2000. Ecological resilience - In theory and application.

Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 31: 425-439

Good luck.

Dear Mr Kafle,

I agree with our colleagues above who provide not only some of the main references to this topic but also some of the nuances of it. I would ask you, what do you mean by five capitals? Capital cities? or forms of capital? Also socioecological resilience is very different to ecological resilience. The former does not have yet a clear definition nor estimation, while the latter has a very clear definition but it is very difficult to estimate. Find below two references, the first by Holling the creator of resilience and second a recent application to socioecosystems.

Holling. 1973. Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, Vol. 4: pp. 1-23.

Allouche (2011). The sustainability and resilience of global water and food systems: Political analysis of the interplay between security, resource scarcity, political systems and global trade Food Policy 36 (2011) S3–S8

I would like to suggest to add following facts for your information. There are many methods to measure resilience. The problem is we measure it and at the same time we destroy it as human beings. Still we are unable to define human habitat well and we just talk about habitats of other living beings.

In brief I would like to suggest you to take in consideration about spiritual and genetic resilience and find measure to quantify it.

Spiritual resilience will help to build up coordination for resource sharing  among human beings. For this we have to build up global spiritual code of ethics.

Genetic resilience will help to protect the natural Gene pool and improve the bio diversity. We need to address the genetic engineering principles accordingly.

Varietal selection, breeding etc. will narrow down the natural genetic diversity altering the resistance to dieses, drought, salt, etc.. and   limiting natural nutrient profile for human beings as well as associated other living beings. Mono cropping with genetically modified plant species is one of the major threat to the resilience of natural eco systems. Honey bees also get affected. They have to produce honey form limited number of plant verities and narrow down the medicinal quality of the honey.

Therefore, there must be a way to quantify the impact of the natural gene pool and our consumption pattern or consumerism over the eco systems. 

You can introduce another topic "Socio spiritual resilience" and two  indices for this. spiritual index and genetic index to measure the global spiritually and the genetic resilience.  

Thank you all for your very useful suggestions. I will consolidate all the suggestions, will do some more research and get back to you all if I further need your valuable suggestions.

I have proposed a mathematical index to measure disaster resilient community based on the process and outcome indicators (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22576136), which does not seem fit for measuring ecosystem resilience. I will need your insightful comments/suggestions in future too. Many thanks once again.

Please see

The fisheries livelihoods resilience check (FLIRES check): A tool for evaluating resilience in fisher communities.

Article The fisheries livelihoods resilience check (FLIRES check): A...

These two new articles about resilience are very interesting:

Grafton, R. Q. et al. 2019. Realizing resilience for decision-making. - Nat Sustain 2: 907–913.

Pimm, S. L. et al. 2019. Measuring resilience is essential to understand it. - Nat Sustain 2: 895–897.

thank you for sharing, Leonardo!

Dear Shesh, good morning.

Are you to want mensure how environmental variables?

In the winner? In the sun?

Thanks.