Solar energy is a clean and emission-free source of renewable energy. The percentage of solar energy that is converted into usable electricity (solar panel efficiency) helps make solar technologies cost-competitive with conventional sources of energy. Current solar panels have an efficiency ranging from 15% to 24%. By going solar, you can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions (CO2 particularly), which is produced when fossil fuels are burned. The amount of carbon saved by solar panels depends on several factors, including the size of the solar installation, the energy consumption it offsets, and the carbon intensity of the grid it is connected to. In areas relying strongly on fossil fuels for electricity generation, climate would benefit from solar energy. The widespread use of solar energy has the potential to significantly decrease carbon emissions and combat global climate change.

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Dr Alex Gautier Tsopgo thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Every kilowatt of green energy can reduce your carbon footprint by 3,000 pounds annually. So, even a 5KW solar plant can save approximately 15,000 pounds of CO2 every year, making huge contributions in protecting our environment from global warming and related issues. Solar panels emit around 50g of CO2 per kWh produced in its first few years of operation. By the third year of having solar panels, most solar panels become carbon neutral. This is still roughly 20 times less than the carbon output of coal-powered electricity sources. Manufacturers rate solar panels by their efficiency, which ranges from around 15% to 20% of conversion of the sun's energy transformed into usable electricity. Solar power produces no emissions during generation itself, and life-cycle assessments clearly demonstrate that it has a smaller carbon footprint from "cradle-to-grave" than fossil fuels. With the consumption of every unit of thermal power, we generate 0.7 kg of carbon dioxide. Therefore, every unit of solar energy helps prevent 0.7 kg of carbon dioxide emission. Installing a 1 kWp solar rooftop plant is thus equivalent to planting two trees in terms of carbon sequestration. On average, one 10 kW solar roof eliminates around 4 tons of carbon emissions annually. This is roughly equivalent to planting over 100 trees per year. Larger installations can have 10 times the effect. In fact, even one residential solar installation has a measurable effect on the environment. As a renewable source of power, solar energy has an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating climate change, which is critical to protecting humans, wildlife, and ecosystems. The equator receives the most direct and concentrated amount of sunlight. So the amount of direct sunlight decreases as you travel north or south from the equator. The reduced reliability of solar energy is related to the increased variability of atmospheric moisture and aerosols in some arid regions. Higher temperatures hold more moisture and are more turbulent, which favors the formation of clouds and keeps particles in suspension longer, Porporato said. Renewable energy sources which are available in abundance all around us, provided by the sun, wind, water, waste, and heat from the Earth are replenished by nature and emit little to no greenhouse gases or pollutants into the air. Solar energy is clean. It creates no carbon emissions or other heat-trapping “greenhouse” gases. It avoids the environmental damage associated with mining or drilling for fossil fuels. Furthermore, solar energy also uses little to no water, unlike power plants that generate electricity using steam turbines.