8 days in case of Verticillium.. I think

Thank you Mr Raj, I'll learn the pdf

Mr. Rehman, 8 days after spawn or when?

The problem with both these mushroom diseases is that once you see the symptoms on the fruiting bodies of the mushrooms, it is too late. You cannot "cure" diseased mushrooms. 

Mycogone. This fungal disease is transmitted primarily by contaminated casing. It infects the pins or mushroom initials as they start to form but symptoms do not appear for 10-14 days. As you say - by then it is too late. The best defense is to make sure the casing is well steamed prior to application to the beds. If necessary, treatment of the casing with 1% formalin can be used if this is legal where you are growing. Treatment of the casing with benomyl, carbendazim, prochloraz manganese or thiabendazole can also be effective. If this is a chronic problem on the farm, I suggest application of these fungicides as a preventative to the casing at every crop. There has been no reported resistance to the benzimadazole fungicides but rotation of these chemicals is always a good practice if possible. Many times Mycogone is seasonal so if you have a season of the year (typically drier) when Mycogone is not so prevalent you can suspend the fungicide treatments during those months.  Sanitation and hygiene is of utmost importance and must be part of farm management year round. . If you find diseased mushrooms, weeping caps, distorted shapes, infected stipes - these mushrooms must be picked off by your best pickers wearing gloves before watering or harvest and disposed of off the farm. Watering is an important way the spores of this fungus are spread. Infected casing / compost should be isolated with heavy applications of salt or by pushing a plastic pot deep into the compost casing. Steaming after the crop has been harvested is very important to eliminate this threat from the farm. The spores can become air-borne so this must be done before cleanout.

Verticillium. This disease also can infect the fruiting bodies early in development so symptoms typically do not appear until later in the crop - when it is too late. Early infections of the pins can result in very deformed mushrooms and fluffy white mycelium on the casing surface and on fruiting bodies. Later infections may just result in unsightly brown, dry spots on the caps. Again, effective steaming of the casing is important. If you are using a soil based casing and not peat or peat blends, this can be a major source of the Verticillium infection. The same fungicides mentioned above can also be used against Verticillium. Rotation is very important here as resistance to some fungicides has been suspected in Verticillium; there are multiple strains of this fungus. Sanitation and removal of infected mushrooms by trained teams of pickers before watering and harvest is important with this disease as well. Flies (Sciarids and phorids) and mites are important sources of the spread of this disease and so must be controlled effectively. Spores of Verticillium have also be linked with dust blowing in from outside. Growing rooms and casing preparation areas must be isolated from wind-borne dust. Oiling of dirt roads near the farm can help with control of this disease. If possible do not apply the casing to beds on days when nearby farm fields are being plowed or harvested.

Muhammed, I hope this helps. The best treatment is prevention through well steamed casing, fungicide treatments and fly control. Your pickers are your best tools for discovery of these diseases early and in practicing sanitation through early elimination of infected fruiting bodies as they appear on the beds. 

Gracias Prof. Keil, I found it so helpful.

I actually wondering, can either Verticillium or Mycogone infect/contaminate the grain spawn or the compost before casing application?

Theoretically it is possible for Verticillium and Mycogone to infest spawned compost or even grain spawn. However, if this is happening you have much greater problems than these two fungi. Infection of the spawned compost would indicate the possibility of widespread contamination, inadequate cook-out before spawning or weak spawn run due to defects in the spawn or deficient environmental control in the spawn run rooms. Infection of the grain spawn would be a severe problem with quality control during production or storage of the spawn. Symptoms of much larger and significant ptoblems.

It is not possible to identify the wet bubble and dry bubble during spawn run and case run stages.

The bubbles can be identified on 6th to 8th day after flushing out CO2. That is during pinning stage only. The stem will be thicker with black center if stem is infected. Deformed caps will be appeared if the cap is infected in later stage. Or shapeless bubble may be formed