It is a very broad question to be answered because as you surely know, there are many parameters that affect the strength and hydration of cement pastes and depending on the SCM under consideration, these parameters may also have complicated interactions. By the way, I came across the following papers during my investigations. They might be helpful:
Article Influence of component fineness on hydration and strength de...
Article Influence of metakaolin and silica fume on the heat of hydra...
Article Linking reactivity test outputs to properties of cementitiou...
Generally finer SCMs are likely to increase the compressive strength of blended cement paste because finer SCMs tend to induce better packing, more nucleation sites for hydrates, increased pozzolanic reactivity. You may see the papers below:
Article Effect of fineness on the pozzolanic reaction kinetics of sl...
Article Effect of silica fume fineness on the improvement of Portlan...
Article Effect of fly ash fineness on compressive strength and pore ...
Also the ball bearing effect of fly ash helps strength gain of concrete by densifying the paste and by improving packing. Hopefully we'd work on this topic further in near future.