I have found the solutions to the above questions.

If you want me to tell you, ask me.

All the solutions in this video.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IO6MxxH0lMU&t=42s

The overturning moment and the bending moment topple the house during an earthquake. The overturning moment is counteracted by anchoring the wall to the ground (this is what I do). The bending moment is counteracted through prestressing (this is also what I do). Currently, neither anchoring to the ground nor prestressing is applied, resulting in both the overturning and bending moments being transferred to the beams, causing them to fail. Through prestressing and anchoring, I transfer the overturning and bending moments into the ground, preventing damage to the beams.

Dear Doctor

Go To

Ritter, J., Zaiser, M. Multiscale modeling of dislocations: combining peridynamics with gradient elasticity. J Mater. Sci: Mater. Theory 8, 2 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41313-024-00052-y

[Abstract

Modeling dislocations is an inherently multiscale problem as one needs to simultaneously describe the high stress fields near the dislocation cores, which depend on atomistic length scales, and a surface boundary value problem which depends on boundary conditions on the sample scale. We present a novel approach which is based on a peridynamic dislocation model to deal with the surface boundary value problem. In this model, the singularity of the stress field at the dislocation core is regularized owing to the non-local nature of peridynamics. The effective core radius is defined by the peridynamic horizon which, for reasons of computational cost, must be chosen much larger than the lattice constant. This implies that dislocation stresses in the near-core region are seriously underestimated. By exploiting relationships between peridynamics and Mindlin-type gradient elasticity, we then show that gradient elasticity can be used to construct short-range corrections to the peridynamic stress field that yield a correct description of dislocation stresses from the atomic to the sample scale.]

Thank you Dear Dr, Samy Elhadi Oussadou

Your input enriches the conversation, and I would appreciate any thoughts on these refinements to the concepts you outlined.

Best regards, Ioannis Lymperis

Dear Doctor

Go To

Material elasticity determines scaling behaviour of cracking dynamics in porous materials: A precursor to crack percolation

• October 2024
• DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2410.05758
• License CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
• Ruhul A. I. Haque, Tapati Dutta

[Description

While cracking is a complex dynamics that involves material intrinsic properties like grain shape and size distribution, elastic properties of grain and cementing materials, and extrinsic properties of loading, in this work, the focus has been to check the dependence on the elastic properties of the bonding material. A 3-dimensional disordered system was constructed from spherical balls of varying radii that were chosen randomly from a log-normal distribution. The growth of micro-cracks with increasing compressive strain was monitored till the limit of the percolation crack. The two parameters varied were the bond stiffness constant and the bond strength of the material. Two distinct regimes of cracking rates were observed across a critical strain ϵknee that manifested as a knee in the cumulative crack-strain plot. The critical strain ϵknee and the strain at the percolation point ϵperc showed a power law dependence on the elastic property of the bond material. Individual micro-cracks were observed to grow sharply to a maximum value Nmaxkb, after which the number of new micro-cracks decreased, showing a long tail. The maximum Nmaxkb was found to correspond to the strain ϵknee, thus indicating that pre-Nmaxkb cracking brittle, followed by ductile cracking behaviour of system. Lastly, we show that there exists a robust relation between ϵknee and ϵperc that is a power-law where the exponent is a function of the material elastic property. As ϵknee can be determined from acoustic signals associated with micro-cracks, our proposed relation can act as a warning towards critical strain resulting in crack percolation.]

Dear Professor @Hasan Altawil

Thank you for your insightful comments. I completely agree with your observations regarding the challenges in applying prestressing and anchoring in earthquake-resistant construction. As you mentioned, the initial cost and the complexity of design and maintenance can be significant barriers, especially in regions with limited resources.

I also appreciate your point about the importance of updating building codes to better integrate these advanced techniques. It’s crucial to raise awareness of their benefits, as well as to explore cost-effective applications that can make them more accessible to a wider range of projects.

In my research, I have been focusing on how these methods can be optimized to enhance seismic resilience without significantly increasing costs, and I am looking forward to exploring further ways to address these challenges.

However, in critical and public-interest projects such as hospitals, bridges, and crowded areas, safety should take precedence over cost. An additional expense of around 5% of the total construction budget can save lives and protect properties.

There are also innovative solutions that can reduce costs without compromising efficiency. For example, applying this system to wind turbines could entirely eliminate the need for a concrete foundation, which relies on gravity, reducing the anchoring cost by up to 90%.

Furthermore, implementing this system in precast reinforced concrete houses with double, heavy-duty walls could increase the height of the floors. This would allow such constructions to be integrated into urban areas where multi-story buildings are often required.

These precast buildings, due to their industrialized production, are 30-50% more economical compared to conventional housing. Thus, costs would decrease while seismic protection would improve. It is worth noting that the proposed system performs more effectively in elongated walls, such as those used in precast houses. Thank you again for your feedback, and I look forward to any further suggestions or thoughts you may have on this topic.

Best regards,

Ioannis Lymperis