I am new in piezoelectric actuator. Anyone here could help me how to calculate or measure fibers displacement or strain caused by the applied electric filed. The piezoelectric material here is PVDF nano fibers prepared via electrospinning.
See for example, Phys. Status Solidi A 209, No. 12, 2605–2609 (2012) Local piezoelectric response of single poly(vinylidene fluoride) electrospun fibers.
The trick is to be able to apply a field and measure displacements.