As per my observations pores of diffusers are clogged in following condition
whenever aeration is stopped and air pressure inside the diffuser is dropped to less than the pressure of water out side of diffuser membrane , at this juncture and sludge and water enters inside pores air diffuser membrane. this can be prevented if one uses non return valve just before diffusers. this will keep the pressure balance and there are less chance of clogging the pores.
It is common practice on some plants to periodically inject formic acid into the air pipes to maintain the diffusers. However every few years they will need replacement anyway.
Generally I agree with Andras Nemeth but it has been my experience working in the SSI Aeration diffuser lab that only about 10-15% of the samples that come back to us have acid-soluble deposits. Fouling comes in different forms. In an SBR, it's common to see sludge pressed into the tops of the perforations. If there is a breach in the aeration piping, sludge makes its way into the bottoms of the perforations. There are struvite deposits and greasy, or sulfur deposits which acids don't help. If you know that you have a fouling-prone application, you are ahead of the game, because there are things you can do to extend the time between membrane changes and/or cleaning events.