If you are able to start with 2 sorted populations of X and Y sperm, you could prepare plasma membrane extracts of each and perform a proteomics analysis to look for cell surface markers that differ between them.
Flow cytometry is a method that can be used to sort X and Y sperm. However, when this was tried by one set of authors, no protein differences were detected by 2-D gel electrophoresis:
it seems logical to start your experiments sorting in X and Y. If your sorting is good enough (you can check that with FISH for example), than you should start separating the membranes from the rest and using specific techniques (i.e. MALDI-TOF) check for any differences. Once identified, if you think it's specific enough, you should be able to sort based on that surface protein by using a specific antibody. Good luck,
For this the proteomic profile of x and y sperm need to be studied. Afterwards, proteins specific for either x or y must be purified. antibody tagging and flowcytomery can be used to sort x and y