The long-term costs of plastic pollution in Nigeria include the potential for toxic chemicals to enter the food chain. Plastic waste can break down into microplastics, which can absorb and accumulate harmful chemicals and be ingested by marine life. This can lead to the bioaccumulation of toxins in the food chain, posing a risk to both wildlife and human health. Addressing this issue requires improved waste management practices, increased public awareness, and the development of sustainable alternatives to single-use plastics. Failure to address the long-term costs of plastic pollution in Nigeria could have significant implications for public health and the environment.