The effective refractive index changes when metal nanoparticles are suspended in different dielectric mediums.
Check effective medium approximation, Maxwell-Garnett and Bruggeman models.
It depends on the shape of the particles: effective medium theory, Lorentz-Lorenz, Maxwell-Garnet, Polder & van Santen, etc..
Refer Kretschmann’s configuration SPR sensor which can provide enough information.
You may also look section 4.3 in "Light Scattering by Small Particles" in van de Hulst
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