In most cases, involuntary resettlement is triggered by land acquisition through eminent domain
or other powers of the state.All persons losing assets are considered 'Project Affected People' and entitled to compensation and/or other forms of assistance. This includes people losing land they have held under customary or traditional rights, people utilizing common property resources, squatters residing on public lands, and encroachers deprived of established access to resources, as well as those with formally recognized property rights. It also includes tenants, artisans, and wage earners whose livelihoods or living standards would be adversely affected as a direct result of the project.
In theory, even if practice lags far behind, compensation for the loss or impairment of knowledge systems from involuntary displacement could be informed by intellectual capital models—articulated for use in the private sector—and what market values these might suggest. The parameterization of knowledge resource variables would consider in particular relational capital (relationships) and structural capital (routines)—that in other context are referred to as social capital, and perhaps also human capital (intellect) caused by relocation away from an original social group:
- The components of relational capital, not all of which are necessarily relevant depending on cases, include strategic partnerships, product and service quality, product and service reliability, customer and supplier relations, promotion, marketing, branding, outsourcing, client focus, client loyalty, client data and information, distribution channels, etc.
- The components of structural capital, not all of which are necessarily relevant depending on cases, include legal structures, corporate governance, corporate values, organizational culture, organizational structure, management philosophy, business processes, research and development, intellectual property, performance metrics, state of technology, procedures, manuals, good practices, information systems and technology, etc.
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