CZTS films and powders are converted into oxides like CuO and SnO2, when annealed at more then 400 C in Ar atm. How to prevent oxidation ?
The best way is to anneal in a high vacuum system, and then anneal at around 10mbar Ar pressure. If not use glove box under Ar
What is your source of oxygen? Can you exclude it? You might have decomposition when annealing in high vacuum. Here are a couple of publications that might point you in the right direction:
The Consequences of Kesterite Equilibria for Efficient Solar Cells
Alex Redinger, Dominik M. Berg,* Phillip J. Dale, and Susanne Siebentritt
dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja111713g | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 3320–3323
Route Toward High-Efficiency Single-Phase
Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Thin-Film Solar Cells:
Model Experiments and Literature Review
Alex Redinger, Dominik M. Berg, Phillip J. Dale, Rabie Djemour, Levent G¨utay, Tobias Eisenbarth,Nathalie Valle, and Susanne Siebentritt
IEEE JOURNAL OF PHOTOVOLTAICS, VOL. 1, NO. 2, DECEMBER 2011
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