Do you have a detailed protocol for Zymosan A preparation ??
This is what I can find in the literature.....
Zymosan A from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was resuspended in 10 ml of endotoxin-free saline, boiled and homogenized by sonic emulsification. The suspension was autoclaved and stored in aliquots at -20°C. Arthritis was induced by intra-articular injection of 180 μg (6 μl) of zymosan through the suprapatellar ligament into the joint cavity.
your best bet will be ask the technical service of the company from where you bought it. They know the product much more than anyone else
My protocol includes injection of a fine suspension (not a solution) 500 µg/25µL/paw Sigma Zimosan in saline. Homogenize carefully between animals.
Please review the following citation:
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on zymosan-induced shock in rats. Zymosan, a cell wall component of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, induces inflammation by causing the production of various cytokines and pro-inflammatory mediators. The administration of zymosan to rats represents a new experimental shock model by inducing acute peritonitis, severe hypotension, and signs of systemic illness. However, it has been recently proposed that the zymosan-induced shock, like septic shock, may be mediated by overproduction of nitric oxide.
Design: Experimental study.
Setting: Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2nd University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Subjects: Male rats were treated with zymosan (500 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal route, with HBO (2 Absolute Atmosphere) or with zymosan and HBO (2 Absolute Atmosphere).
Measurements and Main Results: Peritoneal exudate, plasma, and peritoneal nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) and zymosan determined a time-dependent increase in peritoneal and plasma NOx concentrations, and peritoneal leukocytes were determined. Moreover, symptomatology was observed.
The administration of zymosan caused the appearance of a severe illness in the rats characterized by ruffled fur, lethargy, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, and a significant loss of body weight.All zymosan-treated rats developed an acute peritonitis, producing turbid exudate. Zymosan determined a time-dependent increase in peritoneal, plasma NOx, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha concentrations. Morbidity of zymosan shocked rats has been attenuated and no mortality was observed by treatment with HBO. These findings were associated with a significant reduction either of peritoneal leukocytes and exudate, or plasma and peritoneal NOx concentrations. Moreover, TNF-alpha levels were significantly reduced in animals shocked by zymosan and treated with HBO.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that HBO may also be an efficacious treatment in zymosan-induced experimental shock model. (Crit Care Med 1998; 26:1972-1976)
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