Suppose there is not of provision of running the water through the wetlands continuously (non steady flow condition). How can be detention time be selected?
If your system is continuous flow, with regulation of flow influent to the system and ratio of Volume to Q, you can maintain the detention time, but when your system is not continuous, you have to record the time after loading a volume of influent to the discharged system for a specific detention time and then discharge the contents. For example, you would like to have 5 days detention time, firstly you must discharge the liquid of wetland by lowering the regulation exit tube and then inject the influent wastewater, after 5 days, you can discharge the contents again and the same methods foe every detention time that you would like.
the detention time in a wetland is a consequence of many factors. Some of these factors are given by nature (flow events, geometry of the wetland, plant distribution ....), therefore hardly adaptable to the needs of the user. However, the outlet structure has significant influence on the detention time and it can be adjusted by the designer. The detention time of each water and pollutant package carried by the water is continuously changing, however, it is predictable by a suitable model. A model of this kind is described in one of my earlier publications which analyzes the behavior of different outlet structures on the detention time. Using appropriate outlet structure provides certain opportunity for detention time management. If you are interested, please feel free to download "A model for continuous tracking of wetland performance" uploaded to my site.