To use a previous results (stress, displacement ...) from a previous numerical study, you can introduce a file ".res" under abaqus. i am not sure than you can use an other type of file. The file .res is obtained from abaqus software.
UEXTERNALDB subroutine has some flags that you need to use for the initial and final increment of time. When the flag is equal to zero (initial time), you define the OPEN statement (use the Unit = 15). When the flag is equal to two (final time), you define the close statement. Thus, you opened the file with the information.
After this, you need to take this information and associate it with a STATEV and, then, you can use it inside the UMAT. To define the STATEV, you use the SDVINI subroutine. Inside the SDVINI, you need to define an integer/parameter, which is a parameter (len, for example) with the number of columns of the information that will be read (5 for example for 5 variable read. Therefore len=5), and a real variable, which will have the name for the information read (inf, for example. Therefore, inf(len) ). After this, you define the READ statement to read the information (use the same unit used to the OPEN statement).
The last step is to associate the information with the STATEV as
STATEV(1) = inf(1)...
STATEV(5) = inf(5)
Thus, you can use the defined STATEVS as you want.