High ambient temperatures are a critical challenge in the poultry industry which is a key producer of animal-based food. To evaluate heat stress levels, various parameters have been used, including growth rates, blood metabolites, and hormones. The most recent advances have explored the expression profiling of genes that may play vital roles under stress.
Heat stress has a significant effect and can be assessed by genes as they can be identified as markers for assessing the acquisition of heat stress in chickens. Modern technology and the strategic implementation of molecular biology approaches allow for a rapid understanding of the heat stress response. Although suppressed feed intake and body weight were major determinants of heat stress by evaluating the gene expression of macronutrient transporters, it is possible to obtain profound insights into the modulation of nutrient uptake in heat-stressed chickens. The effect of heat stress in terms of exposure time (long or short term) and period (early, middle and late-life stages) is a critical issue. Gene expression of nutrient transporters does not follow any sequence pattern during heat stress. However, the enhanced regulation of nutrient transporters regardless of feeding conditions means that heat stress has more specific effects than expected. Early responses to heat stress may be explained by specific genes. Antioxidant enzyme systems play an important role in heat stress. Immunity is impaired under conditions of heat stress and is directed by generally enhanced gene expression of cytokines.
Heat stress is a Qualitative trait controlled by a few major genes That makes one to understand that it could be simply controlled by breeding technology to keep stress at a low ebb. Subjects undergoing stress have major impact on hormonal influence and an assay of involved hormones can be useful to control such hormones for selective breeding technology. The importance of Genotype x Environmental interaction is also an important factor. Environmentally controlled breeding houses can be useful to get more insight.
The heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene, a known marker gene of heat resistance, can be a gene candidate for the selection of heat-resistant traits in chickens to cope with heat stress. All living organisms, chickens possess mechanisms that protect them against environmental challenges. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of proteins synthesized in response to physical, chemical, or biological stresses, including heat exposure. The HSP70 gene works as a chaperone, the duty of which is to regulate the refolding of proteins properly, to help protect cells from damage caused by heat stress.
Genetic control of hormones is well established, for eg, GSH -growth control hormone -. It is similar to stress gene, I believe.
Níveis de cortisol, é um dos que mais variam nas oscilações de temperatura. Vaiam também T3 e T4 e níveis sanguíneos
يمكن أن تؤثر درجات الحرارة المرتفعة في أداء الطيور وتقلل من أرباح منتجي الدواجن. يرتبط الإجهاد الحراري بالتغيرات في سلوك الطيور والجهاز التنفسي والقلب والأوعية الدموية ووظيفة المناعة وسلامة الأمعاء واستخدام المغذيات.
يواجه منتجو الدواجن عادةً تحدي الإجهاد الحراري إما موسميًا أو على مدار السنة. الدواجن التي تتم تربيتها في البلدان الحارة والرطبة تكون مشتقة وراثيًا من سلالات تتم تربيتها في تلك البلدان بالأصل ويتم اختيارها من أجل المناخات الباردة في أوروبا وأمريكا الشمالية. تربية الطيور خارج منطقة الراحة الحرارية لها قد تعني الفشل في تحقيق الإمكانات الوراثية الكاملة. يجب على المنتجين الموجودين في المناخات الأكثر دفئًا أو أولئك الموجودين في المناطق الأكثر برودة، الذين يضبطون درجات حرارة الحظيرة وفقًا لمستويات راحتهم وليس لمستويات طيورهم، أن يأخذوا في الاعتبار تأثير الإجهاد الحراري على القُطعان.
I believe that heat stress genes help them with heat stress by making heat-resistant proteins in poultry.
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