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Genetic engineering can be used to prevent drug resistance in cancer cells by targeting and modifying specific genes associated with resistance mechanisms. Techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9 can knock out or edit genes related to drug efflux pumps, DNA repair enzymes, or survival pathways, reducing the cells' ability to resist treatment [1][3]. Additionally, targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are often implicated in drug resistance, can enhance therapy efficacy. CRISPR/Cas9 can be utilized to target critical genes involved in CSC maintenance and drug resistance [1][4]. Combining gene editing with traditional therapies can address both drug resistance and tumor recurrence [2][5].

Reference

[1] Saha, T., & Lukong, K. E. (2022). Breast Cancer Stem-Like Cells in Drug Resistance: A Review of Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutic Strategies to Overcome Drug Resistance. Frontiers in Oncology, 12.

[2] Chen, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2018). Application of the CRISPR/Cas9 System to Drug Resistance in Breast Cancer. Advanced Science, 5.

[3] Dashtaki, M. E., & Ghasemi, S. (2022). CRISPR/Cas9-Based Gene Therapies for Fighting Drug Resistance Mediated by Cancer Stem Cellsc.. Current gene therapy.

[4] Dhanyamraju, P. K., Schell, T., Amin, S., & Robertson, G. (2022). Drug-tolerant persister cells in cancer therapy resistance.. Cancer research.

[5] Housman, G., Byler, S., Heerboth, S., Lapinska, K., Longacre, M., Snyder, N., & Sarkar, S. (2014). Drug Resistance in Cancer: An Overview. Cancers, 6, 1769 - 1792.