NANOPARTICLES (NP). PM2.5

The question you present is interesting and necessary. For more than 20 years, various authors, among whom Oberdörster and Donaldson stand out, have done numerous works on the biokinetics and possible toxicity of NPs.

Briefly, I attach some aspects that may be useful to you.

NP. ENTRY ROUTES TO THE HUMAN ORGANISM

1. Through the digestive system (ingestion)

2. Through the respiratory tract (inhalation, instillation)

3. Through the skin (direct exposure)

4. Injection

TOXICITY INHALED PARTICLES. FACTORS

 Dependent on the type of particle

 Chemical composition

 Shape and size

 Exhibition

 Intensity

 Duration

 Individual

 Purification capacity (defense mechanisms)

 Airway geometry

 Predisposition (Genetics)

In nanoparticles, in addition: Ubiquity, Translocation, Surface area

CONSENSUS OF F-Q PARAMETERS AND CHARACTERISTICS TO ASSESS TOXIC MECHANISMS OF NPs

 Method of synthesis thereof

 Composition

 Size

 Shape

 Distribution

 State of agglomeration or aggregation

 Purity

 Dissolution

 Surface area (NPs have a large surface area per unit mass).

NP TOXICITY. POSSIBLE MECHANISMS

-Card, J.W. et al. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 295: L400-L411 2008

-Li et al: Exp Biol Med. 2010. 235:1025-33.)

Pulmonary disease due to exposure to nanoparticles. B. Calvo Cerrada; A. López-Guillén, P Sanz; G Martí. DOI: 10.1201/9781351008884-26