Yes, the study of commonalities among living systems is a well-established area spanning fields such as systems biology, theoretical biology, and complexity science. Researchers focus on principles like self-organization, homeostasis, network dynamics, and information processing that are shared across different scales of life, from cells to ecosystems.

Yes — biologists, complexity scientists, and systems theorists study cross-cutting principles (e.g., scaling laws, networks, homeostasis, information processing, metabolic constraints) through approaches like systems biology, theoretical ecology, and complex adaptive systems;

Are families considered as living systems in these studies?