As economies grow from local, to regional, to national to global, there are some winners and many losers at the end of races to the bottom....Usually we think of the global poor as the losers especially if working and living under social and environmental pain....and we think about global corporations as the winners....,
However, Can local elites feel as losers under globalization? I think Yes. Are local elites the majority in their localities/countries? I think No. Can corporations from the UK and the USA be thought as losers under globalization? I think No. Why then the 2016 BREXIT and USEXIT?. What do you think?
Another link may be found under the chapter "Cambridge Analytica". Se the related articles published by investigative journalist Cadwalladr on The Guardian and on the NYRB. Best.
Thank you Luca for your post.
Please read the question carefully and share what you think is the reason for BREXIT and USEXIT to exist given that background related to globalization.
Have a nice day!
Globalization has incredibly increased opportunities for success but it also has some risks especially for developing countries because most of the things regarding globalization designed by advanced industrial countries so it may be hard for developing countries to adopt themselves and change some rules and regulations.
Generally speaking, in the process of Globalization there is place for everyone but it depends who will get the big and small piece of cake and all countries can contribute in the process of globalization in order to shape it or to make it work. U.K. economy moves to the uncertainty for the its future after the referendum decision to leave the EU. The possible negative consequences could be evident in the first place through weaker growth and increase in unemployment.
Good day Mehmed, thank you for your comment...
The reason I asked the question is that if we think inside the box and take BREXIT and USEXIT as normal democratic outcomes then it is difficult, if not impossible to figure out why they came along if the corporations and the true majority in those countries benefited from the economic and social progress associated with globalization and went the extreme way....Benefits from globalization are not just economic benefits and rights but also social and individual benefits and rights....
However, if we look at BREXIT and USEXIT as paradigm shift from normal democratic outcomes to extreme democratic outcome then we may be able to see that there is a sustainability gap that get worse and worse as development goes from local, to regional, to national, to global...The protectionist/nationalistic forces gap...As the open borders/globalist forces expands the protectionist gap contracts....
The protectionist/nationalistic gap on its own is irrelevant under majority rule based free market based liberal democracies.....so they need unique circumstances to take place....
Only when there is full true majority complacency due to natural chaos like corruption or manufactured chaos like lies or fake facts or a combination of both types of chaos at the same time specially if targeted then you have an extreme democratic outcome like BREXIT and USEXIT....Normal democratic outcomes supported by open border/free market forces have the best interest of the true majority in mind, but extreme democratic outcome have the best interest of the true minority in mind/the protectionist/nationalistic gap...And if seen and understood from this angle, the way to deal with extreme democratic outcomes if you are in a normal democratic outcome liberal majority rule based system becomes clear....whatever is good for the true minority will come at expense of whatever is good for the true majority....
Have a nice day
The UK has voted for BREXIT, although it is clear to everyone that all U.K citizens will have economic and, consequently, widespread social damage from leaving the EU. Also, U.K citizens are now seriously concerned with realistic European demands such as that all strategically important European financial institutions will no longer be able to have their headquarters in London. Sometimes a democracy seems to be very strange isn't it?
Mehmed, extreme democratic outcomes when they happen look strange as the true majority goes into protest behaviour or complacency without realizing that their vote may comeback to bite them and what they think as impossible happens....chaos, natural and/or manafucture feeds true majority complacency creating the conditions for EDOs, a fact that is realized usually after the fact...
Populism is increasingly being used as a universal key to interpret the crisis of western democracies. Not by chance, Donald Trump's victory in America and the Brexit are explained as a populist drift of their respective democratic regimes. The same key is used to explain the advance of the National Front of Marine Le Pen in France, of the Five Star Movement in Italy.In fact, the alibi of populism masks deeper problems that affect aspects of the crisis that crosses the western democracies.
Dear Leonardo, thanks for your comment......
You are looking at BREXIT and USEXIT from inside the box; and therefore you are looking at them as normal democratic outcomes and reaching the wrong explanation "POPULIST DRIFT"....
BREXIT and USEXIT are extreme democratic outcomes, the opposite of normal democratic outcomes; and therefore, the explanation can be found if you look at the situation as a paradigm shift in majority rule based liberal democracies from normal democratic outcome in the UK and in the USA(where the view of the majority wins) to extreme democratic outcomes such as BREXIT and USEXIT(where the view of the minority wins)......
And the explanation for BREXIT and USEXIT is that they take place because of full true majority complacency or protest bahavior driven by natural and/or manufactured chaos, which leads the true majority to vote without thinking about the fact that their voting behaviour may comeback to bite into their current and future rights, which explains the wide spread social discontent in both counitries soon after BREXIT and USEXIT became reality....
Because of full true majority complacency, the unexpected happens, the option expected to win loses and the option expecting to lose wins, and the media and polling and pundits in these countries under paradigm shift can not see what is coming, the extreme democratic outcome is suddenly here.
Full true majority complacency is not a populist drift, but a populist sinkhole....
You can see the following papers as food for thoughts:
Majority Rule Based True Democracy Under Complacency Theory: Pointing Out The Structure of Normal and of Extreme Democratic Outcomes Analytically and Graphically.
Article Majority Rule Based True Democracy Under Complacency Theory:...
Upside Down Democratic Outcomes: Stating the Complacency Conditions Under Which Extreme Democratic Outcomes Such as BREXIT and USEXIT Should Be Expected to Take Place Using Qualitative Comparative Means
Article Upside Down Democratic Outcomes: Stating the Complacency Con...
Well,
I fear global companies from the US or the UK were not allowed to vote but the poor and chanceless voters and construction workers...
In both cases I think it was an anti-eststabtlishment vote of people who were not cared forin the normal political setting... plus fears plus lies by the polticians and false promises and fake news and manipulation and so forth...
Carsten good day. Perhaps you are jocking, but if you can elaborate more:
a) Are you saying global companies lost with BREXIT and USEXIT?
b) Are you saying that the true majority view is anti-stablishment?
Think carefully.
Some food for thoughts on democracy under amorality can be found here in this paper:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329905677_Moral_and_Amoral_Liberal_Democracies_How_Targeted_Chaos_Can_Affect_the_Democratic_Process
Dear Clifford, thank you for your comment, but I see you still can no easily see the link BREXISM/BREXIT and Trumpism/USEXIT....which I tried try to put at centre in the question.....and I tried to lead to with some questions and answerst in the back ground supporting the over all question:
Globalization and BREXIT/leave EU and USEXIT/Trumpism: Can you see the link?
To start both BREXIT AND USEXIT are antiglobalization movements because extreme democratic outcomes need protectionist policies to be able to implement the best interest of the minority view that wins the majority rule based democratic contest under TARGETED CHAOS....
You may find other links in the following unpublished paper as well as in the paper shared above about morality and amorality:
The 2016 shift from normal liberal democracy to extreme liberal democracy in the USA: Pointing out the structure of Trumpconomics, its meaning, and its expected
local and global implications, both analytically and graphically
Article The 2016 shift from normal liberal democracy to extreme libe...
I will leave it here
Have a nice day
Do you think Trumpism came because of Obama mismanagement at local level?
Are you saying BREXIT and USEXIT are not PROTECTIONISM BASED MOVEMENTS?
If you look from INSIDE THE BOX you will reach the wrong conclusion
You shoiuld read my papers and reach your own conclusion.
Your words:
"The EU is a dangerous, corrupt and undemocratic system which voters have no control over and cannot affect. The Parliament is weak. The EU Commission, staffed by unelected EU Eurocrats has substantial power and does what it likes.
Independence frees the UK from that system and returns a greater measure of control to voters via democratic processes over government action"
If that is at the heart of BREXIT, it is a protectionism movement in your own words, again LSE or not, if you look from inside the box you will be led to the wrong answer.
Let's leave it here!
Respectfully yours;
Lucio
Clifford, that what it used to mean or means under a normal liberal democracy and normal economic thinking, when the need to protect the beset interest of the majority view arises, economy theory a la Adam Smith....
Under extreme liberal democracy/extreme democratic outcome like BREXIT and USEXIT protectionism is expanded exponentially to for example to protect the minority view "from social invasions, manufactured or not"... .
Clifford, if you keep thinking that BREXIT can be understood from the normal liberal democracy point of view you will never understand why from 2016 BREXIT VOTE to now the issue has been stucked.....And why the new lidership may complete the exit at any social cost as under extreme democratic economic thinking losers are winners.....similar to the USEXIT position that tarriff, no matter how high, they are good for local consumers....
Again Clifford, let's leave it here.....
Have a nice day
Lucio
You should take a look again at Thomas Kuhn's structure of scientific revolutions to understand that your position or comment above and rationale it is to be expected when paradigm shift takes place like a shift from normal liberal democracy to extreme liberal democracy those inside the box can not see it or have difficutly seeing it because of the paradigm shift knowledge gap created.....
Because the extreme democratic outcome(decision like BREXIT or government like USEXIT) is inconsistent the the structure of the normal liberal democracy in which it come to exist the only way to persist is finding ways to attack and if needed destroy all elements of the normal liberal democracy....It can be shown that BREXIT and USEXIT have the same model structure and the same war like structure deployed against normal democratic values, institutions, science, and statbility....
Time will tell, and i am not here to convert anybody.....Once the dust settles, a scientific explanation pushed by paradigm shift will lead to the growth of knowledge needed to understand what happened and how to update our knowledge to deal with the paradigm shift situation scientifically....
Protectionism is protectionism, now the priority may have a different order, but under extreme liberal democracies PROTECTIONISM IS THE RULE, and under normal liberal democracy IT IS THE EXCEPTION
As I said, I am not here to convert anybody,,,,,to avoid going in circles, I will leave it here....Let's see what happen with BREXIT and USEXIT in the medium term....to have more points to link...
Have a nice day!
Article related to TRUMPCONOMICS now published, you can take a look at it when you have time The 2016 shift from normal liberal democracy to extreme liberal democracy in the USA: Pointing out the structure of Trumpconomics, its meaning, and its expected local and global implications, both analytically and graphically https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335313547_The_2016_shift_from_normal_liberal_democracy_to_extreme_liberal_democracy_in_the_USA_Pointing_out_the_structure_of_Trumpconomics_its_meaning_and_its_expected_local_and_global_implications_both_analyti https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334964196_The_2016_shift_from_normal_liberal_democracy_to_extreme_liberal_democracy_in_the_USA_Pointing_out_the_structure_of_Trumpconomics_its_meaning_and_its_expected_local_and_global_implications_both_analyti
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