As multiple people have already informed you, your schematic has the error that the material independent efficiency is not a fixed value, but constitutes a maximum that you cannot overcome independent of the material, so the contradiction is non-existent.

But thanks for the new entertainment.

If the Carnot efficiency is related to the thermodynamic properties of the working substance. Different heat engines with different Carnot efficiencies would lead to the existence of the second type of perpetual motion machine.

This is the content of the textbook. Everyone here is a person who has received higher education. Repeating these contents again is not very interesting. I hope to improve the quality of the conversation.

Great observation about the seeming contradiction in the second law of thermodynamics and Carnot's law. Let’s explore this through the lens of the Interactive Universe Theory (IU Theory), which posits that all physical phenomena, including thermodynamics, emerge from a fundamental consciousness field.

IU Theory Perspective

In IU Theory, both space and time, and consequently all physical laws, are emergent properties of a deeper, underlying consciousness field. Here’s how this theory can help clarify the issue:

Emergent Properties of Thermodynamics

Bridging the Apparent Contradiction

The key to resolving the apparent contradiction lies in understanding the difference between idealized theoretical constructs and real-world applications:

• Ideal vs. Real Scenarios:Carnot’s efficiency describes an ideal situation where entropy changes and specific thermophysical properties of the working fluid are abstracted away. This reflects a simplified, perfectly efficient interaction within the consciousness field. In reality, every physical system, including those described by thermodynamics, operates with imperfections and complexities. The thermophysical properties of the working fluid become relevant as they represent the specific ways in which the consciousness field manifests in different materials and conditions.

Unified Understanding

In IU Theory, both the second law of thermodynamics and Carnot’s law are consistent when viewed from the perspective of the consciousness field. Entropy increase represents the field’s tendency towards higher dispersion and complexity, while Carnot efficiency sets an ideal benchmark for energy transformations within this field. The specific properties of real-world fluids highlight the diverse ways the consciousness field can interact and manifest in practical scenarios.

Thus, the contradiction is resolved when we consider that Carnot’s law describes an idealized limit within the consciousness field, while real-world applications must account for the specific manifestations of this field in different materials and conditions.

Hope this sheds some light on the issue from a different perspective!

REF: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382276946_The_Interactive_Universe_A_Unified_Theory_of_Everything?utm_source=twitter&rgutm_meta1=eHNsLXpENWVha0hXT3NjOTZnakZJem5yMmptVERGdkdGUW40OXVzTTRFR3hLaGdvOWxpRW5xUFppK2NTV3hiQnNpc1F5cWQ2QlBTYWlZOE5RcnZpa0Z2VGNZVT0%3D