For dissolving haloalkanes which is best solvent - polar or nonpolar? How much quantity of solvent is required if the solublity is unknown.
The concept of polarity is very fuzzy. On the basis of relative permittivity (formerly dielectric constant), water and alcohols are polar, dissociate/solubilize salts, and dissolve "polar" compounds (compounds donating and accepting H bonds). Polarity is complex combination of intermolecular interactions, and can take different aspects depending on the solute.
Acetonitrile and DMSO are also "polar" because of their high dipole moment and permittivity. The specialist of organic solvent, Christian Reichardt, prefers the term "dipolar" for such solvents. "Non polar" = no dipole moment, very low permittivity, like CCl4, benzene, etc. Haloalkanes have a dipole moment and are in fact weakly dipolar (or more commonly said, weakly polar). Polarizability plays a significant role in solubility (solvents with a large refractive index, like halogenated solvents, aromatics, etc.).
Very small haloalkanes are partly soluble in water, probably in alcohols, on the opposite, long chain haloalkanes will dissolve in alkanes.
Hi
On the logic, that like dissolves like... Wafer is for example polar. Alkanes are in general non-polar even when they have halogen substituents. So I would go after non-polar solvents.
Without more details I am not sure anyone can help with quality of solvent. A bit of Edisonian approach (aka trial and error). or a bit more interest searching. You now know you want more non-polar solvent... how about carbon tetrachloride for starters.
Narayanan Subramanian
The larger the alkyl group in the haloalkane, the more hydrophobic and prone to a non-polar solvent. However, for the reaction of a haloalkane with thiourea, we used ethyl alcohol.
The concept of polarity is very fuzzy. On the basis of relative permittivity (formerly dielectric constant), water and alcohols are polar, dissociate/solubilize salts, and dissolve "polar" compounds (compounds donating and accepting H bonds). Polarity is complex combination of intermolecular interactions, and can take different aspects depending on the solute.
Acetonitrile and DMSO are also "polar" because of their high dipole moment and permittivity. The specialist of organic solvent, Christian Reichardt, prefers the term "dipolar" for such solvents. "Non polar" = no dipole moment, very low permittivity, like CCl4, benzene, etc. Haloalkanes have a dipole moment and are in fact weakly dipolar (or more commonly said, weakly polar). Polarizability plays a significant role in solubility (solvents with a large refractive index, like halogenated solvents, aromatics, etc.).
Very small haloalkanes are partly soluble in water, probably in alcohols, on the opposite, long chain haloalkanes will dissolve in alkanes.
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