Hello, I'm trying to model a transient flow on a solid surface with a surface reaction. Initially, there is no fluid on the surface. Then, the fluid will be injected at a specific angle. When the fluid contact the surface, the surface reaction decomposes the fluid and generates heat, which transfers to the bulk and solid by convection and conduction. I used the multiphase model (fluid and air) to simulate the flow motion, which was quite successful. However, when I tried to apply the heat generation, it failed. I created the flow (mixture) and solid domains and applied a coupled thermal condition to the interface (surface and surface-shadow). Then, I assigned an expression like the below to the heat generation term with a specific wall thickness. Since the surface reaction only occurs when the fluid is in contact with the surface, I need to detect the existence of the liquid by using Volumefraction(phase='fluid'). Heat Generation: 1000 [kg m^-1 s^-3] * Volumefraction(phase='fluid') The syntax is correct, but the program showed a Message from the Cortex Process: Compute processes interrupted. Processing can be resumed. I think the problem is at surface boundary. Because surface boundary is connected to the solid domain, the value of Volumefraction(phase='fluid') is invalid. Also, this function works if I only applied to the surface-shadow boundary. Hence, I think this is where the issue was created. Is there any method to fix it or avoid it? Thank you very much. This is the result I achieved by neglecting the solid domain, so there should be only convection on the surface: https://youtu.be/Qy7si7MHgIs