Fast glycolytic muscle fiber, amp/atp ratio, ampk, pgc-alfa, mitochondria, mTOR interaction, can it be disfunctional?
In case of fast glycolytic muscle fibers, if they have a low amp/atp ratio the AMPK will be activated. This leads to pgc-alfa increase activation and the construction of more mitochondria.
However in a fast glycolytic MF the need for atp would never come from oxidation in mitochondria. So do these muscle cells also adapt by increasing more mitochondria or would for instance the glycolysis be more effective, by lets say increasing glut 4 transporter, and other enzymes.
BUT! would those cells not increase muscle myofibrils (myosin) to have a more efficient ATP and force relationship that can counteract the demands more. In other words would mTOR not be more active in these cells opposed to AMPK?
Would AMPK be short term effect and mTOR long term effect?
Maybe the following papers will help you:
1. Carles Cantó and Johan Auwerx.AMP-activated protein kinase and its downstream transcriptional pathways. Cell Mol Life Sci. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2013
2. Nicholas L. Reyes,a Glen B. Banks,b Mark Tsang,a Daciana Margineantu,c Haiwei Gu,d Danijel Djukovic,d Jacky Chan,a Michelle Torres,a H. Denny Liggitt,a Dinesh K. Hirenallur-S,a David M. Hockenbery,c Daniel Raftery,d,e and Brian M. Iritania.Fnip1 regulates skeletal muscle fiber type specification, fatigue resistance, and susceptibility to muscular dystrophy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Jan 13; 112(2): 424–429. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1413021112
3. Rai Ajit K. Srivastava,1 Stephen L. Pinkosky, Sergey Filippov, Jeffrey C. Hanselman, Clay T. Cramer, and Roger S. Newton.AMP-activated protein kinase: an emerging drug target to regulate imbalances in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism to treat cardio-metabolic diseases.Thematic Review Series: New Lipid and Lipoprotein Targets for the Treatment of Cardiometabolic Diseases. J Lipid Res. 2012 Dec; 53(12): 2490–2514.doi: 10.1194/jlr.R025882
4. Sanli T, Steinberg GR, Singh G, Tsakiridis T. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) beyond metabolism: A novel genomic stress sensor participating in the DNA damage response pathway. Cancer Biology & Therapy. 2014;15(2):156-169. doi:10.4161/cbt.26726.
5. Andrew S. Layne, Sami Nasrallah, Mark A. South, Mary E. A. Howell, Melanie P. McCurry, Michael W. Ramsey, Michael H. Stone, and Charles A. Stuart .Impaired Muscle AMPK Activation in the Metabolic Syndrome May Attenuate Improved Insulin Action after Exercise Training . J Clin Endocrinol Metab, June 2011, 96(6):1815–1826.
6. Qing Zhang. Role of mTOR kinase activity in skeletal muscle integrity and physiology. Biochemistry, Molecular Biology. Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2015. English.
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