During growth of Fe nanowires on SrTiO3 substrate, why do they grow perpendicularly?

03 July 2023 1 10K Report

During growth of Fe nanowires on SrTiO3 substrate, why do they grow perpendicularly? Why do not they grow in a horizontal fashion? Is that something to do with interfacial energy? If it is, then can anyone please explain the whole mechanism!?

Joshua Depiver

The growth direction of nanowires on a substrate is a complex phenomenon influenced by many factors, such as lattice matching between the nanowire material and substrate, surface energy, epitaxial strain, growth conditions, and more. It's challenging to provide a definitive explanation without specific details about the growing conditions and methods, but I can provide some general insights that might help.

In your case, with iron (Fe) nanowires growing on a strontium titanate (SrTiO3) substrate, it's plausible that the nanowires preferentially grow perpendicularly due to a combination of factors, which could indeed include interfacial energy.

Lattice Matching and Epitaxial Strain: The nanowire material's crystal structure and lattice parameters and substrate can be critical in determining the growth direction. If the Fe and SrTiO3 crystal structures are compatible in a certain orientation, this could promote growth in that direction. If the lattice mismatch is reduced in the perpendicular direction, this could lead to preferential vertical growth.

Surface Energy and Interfacial Energy: Nanowire growth can also be influenced by the minimization of surface energy and interfacial energy. In some cases, growing perpendicularly can minimize these energies more effectively than growing horizontally. This could be due to a combination of factors like lower interface energy in the perpendicular direction, or better stress relaxation in this orientation.

Growth Conditions: The specific growth conditions, such as temperature, pressure, and growth method (e.g., vapour-liquid-solid (VLS) growth, molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), etc.), can also influence the growth direction. Some growth methods can preferentially promote vertical growth due to the involvement of catalyst particles or the supply direction of the growth species.

In your specific case, you might need to consider the detailed experimental conditions and materials' properties to get more insight into why the Fe nanowires are growing perpendicularly. Collaborating with a materials scientist or physicist specializing in nanowire growth could be valuable to understand the exact reasons behind the observed growth direction.

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