While the inverted-U hypothesis claim the individual should experience a moderate level of arousal to achieve a high level of performance, the drive theorists argue that the higher levels of arousal results in better performance. Reversal theorists assume that individuals interpret arousal differently depending on their present state and that the interpretation affects their performance. Catastrophe theorists predict that a sudden and abrupt drop in performance occurs as arousal get beyond the optimal level; and theorists of the zones of optimal functioning argue that for best performances to occur, athletes may need individualized optimal levels of arousal and other emotions. tThe present model predicts that, for best and peak performances to occur, athletes need only to create an arousal level similar to the one they have experienced throughout training sessions. For peak performance, athletes do not need to have high or low arousal levels. It is important that they create the same level of arousal throughout training sessions and competition. In other words, high levels of arousal can be beneficial if athletes experience such heightened levels of arousal during some consecutive training sessions. Similarly, low levels of arousal can be beneficial if athletes experience such low levels of arousal during some consecutive training sessions.

With all my heart, I would like to invite the specialists in the field of sport psychology and motor behavior to provide me with their professional comments because I am trying to enhance the model. Besides, I announce my full readiness to share the knowledge of the field with the specialists and investigators (specifically, MA and PhD students in the field of psychology, sport psychology and motor behavior).

Please find the article at:

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3200/JMBR.39.6.457-462#.Unyna5jLbDc