Climate change showing the visible difference in the nature and ecosystem. Season variations (early/late summers or early/late winters) are the changes felt most. Does it affects the variations in microbial diversity (increase or decrease the species/strains of microbes). If yes, whether it enhances the related pathogenicity or the potential applications in Industrial or allied fields?
In aquatic viral emerging diseases temperature has an exceptionally critical role in modulating the disease process by affecting both the replication rate of the virus as well as the host immune response and other physiological factors involved in host resistance.
Plant pathogenic bacteria and plant-pathogen interaction are highly responsive to temperature factor. High temperature drives genetic changes and affect general genetic variability in bacteria population, change toxin production, infection rate, disease development, plant resistsnce gene expression, etc. Change of av. temperature by 4-5oC may increase infection rate by 100%. Temperature above 28oC switch off race-specific plant resistance genes.
Just a couple from dozens references:
Anderson, Pamela K., et al. "Emerging infectious diseases of plants: pathogen pollution, climate change and agrotechnology drivers." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 19.10 (2004): 535-544. Hayward, A. C. "Biology and epidemiology of bacterial wilt caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum." Annual review of phytopathology 29.1 (1991): 65-87.
Climate change such as rise of temperature may enhance fungal infection of crops (maize, peanuts) by Aspergillus spp. Fusarium spp. For example Aspergillus spp, could be more prevalent during water stress whereas Fusarium species can be favoured in warmer climate. Many fish diseases display greater virulence at higher temperatures, for example some bacterial infections in salmonid fishes are found related to higher temperatures. Vibrio parahaemolyticus which are transmitted via consumption of molluscan shellfish can increase due to ocean warming and changing in ocean salinity. Nevertheless, some viral disease such as Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) (that infect salmonids) may decline since most severe outbreaks occur between 9-12 C and temperature above 15 C is reported to be inhibitory to virus replication
I agree with Dr.Gholam Kibria and I can add relation of Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) disease with temperature. VNN could be nominated as temperature independent disease. RGNNV serotype of VNN would be increase in high temperature so in some countries it consider as Summer Disease.
I agree with jalil as in aquatic ecosystems the temperature still influence all kinds of lifestyle for micro-organisms and enhance for major pathogen their virulence. Temperature should influence the expression of toxicity as inductive factor for several microbial species as toxic cyanobacteria and cyanophages.
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