You can try for frequency of chromosomal aberrations, Micronucleus Assay, Commet Assay
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Depends what type of damage you are looking at, and how many bases it affects. A simple method, is to look at damage that breaks the DNA strands, into small pieces. Human DNA extracted using a good kit, usually comes out in pieces several thousand bases long at least. In the test tube, you can use Things like enzymes, and heating, break it up into very small pieces. You can what size the DNA pieces are, by using agarose gel electrophoresis, to measure the size of DNA pieces. You could have plant extracts present in the test tube, to see if they protect the damage. It requires some apparatus, but is a simple technique, as molecular techniques go. Micronucleus assay is more about DNA damage in intact cells that have been cultured. I am not sure if you want to use the plant extracts on whole live cells .. or on pure DNA in a test tube.
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