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-Sampling and laboratory analysis

The wild guineafowls were sampled by ethical shooting with number AAA 12B shotgun pellets/shells and geo-referencing of sampling points were done using GPS coordinates of the shooting sites. Sampling was done fully complying with local and international ethical provisions and was approved by the Zambia Wildlife Authority (permit number ZAWA-BHL 15121). The birds were immediately tagged, sexed and placed in individual plastic bags and chilled until examination within 8 h.

Domestic birds were concurrently bought at monthly intervals, from villages surrounding the GMA where wild fowls had been correspondingly harvested. GPS coordinates of the sampling sites were also recorded. The live birds were subsequently euthanized humanely and similarly examined as for the wild birds.

Each of the collected birds were weighed and examined macroscopically for any gross lesions. Necropsy was proceeded by dissecting the birds and extracting the entire gastrointestinal tract (GIT). As soon as the GIT was removed from the body cavity, the crop, proventriculus, gizzard, small intestines, caeca and colon were tied off with a nylon ligature to prevent transfer of parasites from one site to the other. Post-mortem for thorough examination of viscera and identification of helminths was performed. The trachea was also cut open longitudinally to search for tracheal helminths. The trachea was also washed through a 212 μm Endecott sieve. Sex was po

Helminth collection, identification and counting

The ligated sections of the GIT were separated by transecting through the point of ligation. Each of the section was opened with an enterotomy scissors into a stainless steel tray, rinsed and scraped over a 212 μm Endecott sieve to collect the helminths. The sieve contents were transferred into 200 mL screw-capped plastic containers containing 70% ethanol. To ensure that no helminths were missed, each section of the GIT was examined under a dissecting microscope to recover helminths that had remained. The gizzard was peeled and examined under a dissecting microscope for any remaining helminths.

For the purpose of identification, nematodes were cleared in lactophenol while cestodes were prepared in Hoyer's medium, and examined as temporary wet mounts using Hoyer's medium or as permanent mounts using Canada balsam. Each sample was examined using a compound microscope for measurement and morphological assessment. Cestodes were stained with carminic acid procedures.

All the nematode helminths recovered from each GIT section were identified and counted individually to get the actual worm burdens. Helminths were identified using the taxonomic keys previously described. In hosts where a certain cestode only had proglottids without scoleces, these were recorded as “present” only

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Here's a book : https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319464022#

https://vetbooks.ir/veterinary-parasitology-reference-manual-5th-edition/

Hello, this article might help you.

Please find attached the "Diagnosing Helminthiasis Through Coprological Examination" lab guide.