I disperse nanoalumina particles in Methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer via probe sonicator at amplitude of 70 for 10 minutes, but the generated temperature is high which lead to some evaporation of MMA.
What amplitude, time and probe size should I use to prevent this evaporation?
You should place the MMA container in a cooling bath during sonication to maintain the temperature at about 40 C.
You should set preparation method with cooling bath to control temperature which is also required for stability of product nanoparticles. Probe size should be chosen based on the size you needed of final nanoparticles. Then, you should optimize the amplitude and time of sonication for your batch and that ultimately depends on the optimum sized nanoparticles/product you required.
If you have enough time you should use a two level factorial design and your input must be temperature, operation time, temperature, amplitude and size of the transducer. Your output should be nanoparticles/product size and evaporated % NMA
Ultrasonication will generate heat regardless of the amplitude and time you are using, only the level of it will be different. as suggested earlier using a cooling bath is the best option. also you can install a condenser to condense back your evaporated substances back to the reaction
The sonicator that I use has the option "pulse". If you equipment has this option, you may use it to prevent heat buildup in the sample you are sonicating.
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