Hakan Ringbom's (2007) Cross-linguistic Similarity in Foreign Language Learning is devoted to this issue. He mentions that the degree of congruence between the systems determines how much facilitation there will be in language learning.

Dear Sir, please check Carl James "Contrastive Analysis".

Thanks.

The answer to your question is linked with Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis popularised by Lado (1957) which states that in any second language learning situation, L1 and L2 similarity equates with simplicity while L1 and L2 difference equates with difficulty.

Dear Monika I agree with all the above as this is definitely a matter of Contrastive Analysis.

I agree with the above too. And my own experience would back that. My first language is written in the Perso-Arabic script and from right to left. It becomes increasingly difficult for students to learn the English alphabet and the writing script. Also the speech sounds are very different. As an example, my L1 has no diphthongs.

Hakan Ringbom's (2007) Cross-linguistic Similarity in Foreign Language Learning is devoted to this issue. He mentions that the degree of congruence between the systems determines how much facilitation there will be in language learning.

@Jelena, thnx for the reference. This will be useful for researchers on CA

Dear Monika,

I agree with the above-mentioned references but would also like to mention Noam Chomski (1957), who claims that a child (by birth) is predisposed to acquire easily his /her mother tongue and similar languages.

Hope this helps.

Mariana

In the late 1950s, a good body of research and theories were formulated around Contrastive Analysis, with Lado as one of the most important names in the subject. Linguistic similarities, in morphology and phonetics were considered the basis for the predictability of successful (and prompt) L2 acquisition.

I had not seen the previous responses. My apologies for repeating what others had already said.

chrome-extension://oemmndcbldboiebfnladdacbdfmadadm/https://books-library.online/files/books-library.online_noof3e6e9cf31d44d0b61f580-8132.pdf

There is no different between L1 and L2 but learners themselves. I mean which learning styles learners prefer to learn

Maybe this: www.sdkrashen.com/content/books/sl_acquisition_and_learning.pdf