The metabolic syndrome is characterized by dyslipidemia and hypertension in obese individuals. Lipoprotein subfractionation of plasma from obese individuals indicate the presence of large very low density lipoprotein, small dense low density lipoprotein and decreased high density lipoprotein. Other defects in obesity and Alzheimer’s disease may be linked to specific lipid species. In obesity and Alzheimer’s disease toxic ceramides are found in these chronic diseases and linked to inflammation, insulin resistance and amyloidogenesis. The search for lipids associated with longevity has accelerated to extend lifespan in the developing and developed world and specific lipids by LIPIDOMICS in the plasma need to be identified to determine the lipids involved in cell signalling associated with healthy aging.

RELEVANT REFERENCES:

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2. Duffy J., Mutlu A.S., Wang M.C. (2017) Lipid Metabolism, Lipid Signalling and Longevity. In: Olsen A., Gill M. (eds) Ageing: Lessons from C. elegans. Healthy Ageing and Longevity. Springer, Cham.

3. Constantinou, J.K., Southam, A.D., Kvist, J. et al. Characterisation of the dynamic nature of lipids throughout the lifespan of genetically identical female and male Daphnia magna. Sci Rep 10, 5576 (2020).

4. Pradas et al. Exceptional human longevity is associated with a specific plasma phenotype of ether lipids. Redox Biology. Volume 21, February 2019, 101127

5. Lim WLF, Huynh K, Chatterjee P, et al. Relationships Between Plasma Lipids Species, Gender, Risk Factors, and Alzheimer's Disease [published online ahead of print, 2020 May 26]. J Alzheimers Dis. 2020;10.3233/JAD-191304. doi:10.3233/JAD-191304.

6. W. L.Florence Lim, I.J. Martins, R.N.Martins. The involvement of lipids in Alzheimer's disease. J Genet Genomics. 2014; 41(5):261-74.

7. Martins IJ, Creegan R, Lim WLF and Martins RN. (2013). Molecular insights into appetite control and neuroendocrine disease as risk factors for chronic diseases in Western countries. Special Issue. Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Chronic Diseases and Possible Interventions. Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases. 3;11-33.