Personality variations between men and women have a more heritability and socio-cultural basis than gender in particular. Cultural changes are very long-term, therefore the dynamics of personality variations are unhurried and steady.

Among four recent twin studies, the mean percentage for heritability was calculated for each personality and it was concluded that heritability influenced the five factors broadly. The self-report measures were as follows: openness to experience was estimated to have a 57% genetic influence, extra-version 54%, conscientiousness 49%, neuroticism 48%, and agreeableness 42%.

Refer to the study below:

Bouchard TJ, McGue M (January 2003). "Genetic and environmental influences on human psychological differences". Journal of Neurobiology. 54 (1): 4–45. doi:10.1002/neu.10160.

Also, differences in the magnitude of sex differences between more or less developed world regions were due to differences between men, not women, in these respective regions. That is, men in highly developed world regions were less neurotic, extra-vert, conscientious and agreeable compared to men in less developed world regions. Women, on the other hand tended not to differ in personality traits across regions.

Refer to the study below:

Schmitt DP, Realo A, Voracek M, Allik J (January 2008). "Why can't a man be more like a woman? Sex differences in Big Five personality traits across 55 cultures". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 94 (1): 168–182. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.94.1.168.

I think that personality differences between a man and a woman have a more sociocultural basis than gender. Culture is a very stable phenomenon, its changes are very long-term, therefore the dynamics of personality differences is very slow. However, the main long-term trend is to reduce differences.

Universal peronality traits for female and/or male actors do not exist.

However, we can observe female and male energy flows

(strong alternating current vs. direct current).

Method Fundamental Interaction in Theurgical Terms

For 'Western' psychology, the earth is still flat.

While there are great cultural differences of personality traits, we can observe fundamental interactive energies of male and female as general principles of human thermodynamics.

http://www.humanthermodynamics.com/Glossary/H.html#:~:text=In%20detail%2C%20human%20thermodynamics%20is%20a%20synergy%20of,in%20relation%20to%20spontaneity%20in%20human%20life%20processes.

German writer Goethe was early to point to ellective affinities

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elective_Affinities#:~:text=%20%20%20%20v%20t%20e%20Elective,%20%20Arcadia%20The%20Nemesis%20of%20Faith%20

as foundational behavioral principles of men and women.

You have pointed to an important research topic, which is still in its infancy, concerning sound scientific analysis and practice.

Dear Stephen I. Ternyik Thanks..its kind of funny because in studies they score higher but I can't see any sound analysis why it is so, at least connected to big 5...it is almost like observing 100 women and 100 men and draw the conclusion that men in general have bigger feet...they do but the interesting question is not the fact that they do but why...I will do like the ostrich and bury my head in the sand but Im pretty sure that is a myth as well.My wife say Im like the ostrich sometimes but she never asked the question why.... Im afraid she will not like the answer ...( It is in order to avoid upsetting her...but pls dont tell, she definitely does not score high on agreeableness!) Haha Best wishes Henrik

Dear Vladimir Rotkin I fully agree!

There cleare difference between man & women traits.

I agree in general with Vladimir, however, some traits linked to gneder colletive survival role, I think will appear: women appear more in nurturing professions and men in breadwinner roles.

Ineresting question, well put Henrik

Dear Vera Maura Fernandes de Lima Thank you. I think the subject is highly interesting and I do research into personality psychology and cognition in the context of international business and I feel sometimes that there are many unanswered questions or sometimes the answers are less than convincing. I have 2 articles in second cycle review right now and my businesses are suffering from Covid related issues, if not I would probably write an article about it but I fear someone will beat me to it haha Best wishes Henrik

Dear Vera Maura Fernandes de Lima. Indeed, in traditional societies, gender roles are exactly as you wrote. However, I see more and more families with gender inversion. It is very amusing and interesting.

Dear all,

even we are beyond the Gatherer (women) and Hunter (men), biology still rules, the mammalian female investiment in the prole involves her body. I think that it put a hevier weight of females on the next and also by loyalty on the last generation. We all stick to our mothers

Good question

I think many outstanding issues in academia could be solved if people started to think out of the box like for example Stephen I. Ternyik do. I think that is an important skill applicable in all situations..To find answers to complicated questions doesn't require nerdish skills in one area but rather the ability to break the boundaries of disciplines..and sometimes do the unorthodox :-) Best wishes Henrik

Are there any identifiable research gaps in your view? - Indeed: The spiritual point of view: Gender-energy is (similar to the yin-yang-symbol) in men more male externally whereas the female energy is more insight. In Women the female energy-expression is more externally (see also the body IN-formation) whereas the male energy works more inside.

According to this you can see in general for example the following aspects in one gender more insight and in the other gender more externally:

male aspects e.g. : focussed view, scout-force, competition, action etc...

female aspects e.g.: broad view, connective force, comparing, re-action etc...

The examples of what is yang (male) ore yin (female) is nearby endless, so on what we focus in our analyses depends on the questions we have. But what I tried to point out is, that there are "spiritual main-aspects". And the first step of understanding the world in spiritual radicality (from latin radix-root) is that women are more male insight and female outside and men vice versa. And in every yin is a yang and vice versa. This is a (spiritual) basic law.

That is the basic "plant". Regarding the personality, we deal with one trunk of this plant. And like already described in the hermetic law, that it is above like below, in the big like in the small, - we can see the yin/yang law in every personality. Mordern analysis of personality should integrate social aspects as well as (old) spiritual wisdom... Because personality is like everything multidimensional. And our universe is unfolded into polarity, duality, has transcentental aspects, individual aspects etc. All these ideas have to be understood (seen) in our world-description (world-view) to become able to feel (understand) such complex things like personality...

Henrik G.S. Arvidsson Questions like this one can only be 'answered' by a polymath approach https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymath We are always in need of a broader knowledge foundation to research into complex natural phenomena, e.g. the nature and interplay of fe-male energies and peronalities, i.e. healthy relationships.

The real border of this creative learning process is our limited life-time and our many duties (homework) in this life. In this sense, I do think, that science and spirituality can merge deeper, without deviating from the scientific method as means of communication and research.

Dear Henrik G.S. Arvidsson, there are 6500 genetic differences between man and woman. That being said, all of these traits add flavour to their physical, intellectual and spiritual makeup. However, socio-cultural constructions of men and women-- and their roles and responsibilities--vary from culture to culture, globally and historically.

Indeed, as pointed out by a few already here, personality traits are different, across the globe. Gender may be a factor, but will vary from one nation (and communities) to another. Cultural variances is a major influencer, as well as what is learned and what is innate.

I think there will be a difference between men and women in their personality traits on account of various parameters used to measure it.

Dr. Henrik. First of all, we need to review the term "universal" as a category in which some forms could be understood. Regarding personality and taking into account that personality is not an organic part of the individual, but personality is given to us by institutions like family, school, society in general, we need also to understand it as an attributive totality within some cultural spheres and for that reason, the supposed "distribution" of some attributes aren't universal in that sense. Meaning, Big five and similar theories assumes that are universal traits of personality as a DNA component sort of. Could be easily understood why personality as an institution that occurs in the misdt of human society is not universal as a distributive totality, but as a product of a particular cultural sphere or domain, an attributive totality of that society in particular.

Hi;

Significant differences between men and women were found when analyzing combinations of several traits that make up overall personality profiles, whereas the differences seemed smaller when considering each trait in isolation. Women were found to be more sensitive, warm and apprehensive than men. Men, on the other hand, were more dominant, more emotionally stable and more aware of the rules.

Therefore, the average differences between men's and women's personality scores were calculated for each country and then compared to the level of equality between men and women in the country. Women are generally more worried (higher neuroticism), social (extroversion), curious (openness), caring (kindness) and responsible (conscientiousness) than men.

The personalities of men and women differ more in countries where there is greater equality, which is consistent with the results of previous studies. Countries with very high levels of equality, such as Sweden and Norway, have personality differences between men and women that are about twice as large as countries with lower levels of equality, such as China and Malaysia.

With my best regards

Henrik G.S. Arvidsson

One way to think about this question is, what difference does it make?

As with any personal characteristic with a population distribution (height, verbal ability, narcissism, whatever) if what you want to to is predict a particular person's standing, the best guess is the mean of the population; if you want to predict the person's standing, given their standing on another characteristic (let's say sex), then the best guess is the mean of the people with the same standing on that characteristic (let's say verbal ability of males). When we divide up the population on some criterion characteristic, such as chromsomal sex or skin color or even being above or below the median income - it doesn't matter too much whether the criterion is biological or socially defined - it is almost always the case that there is more variation within each group than between the groups. So knowing a person's membership in a criterion group doesn't help much in predicting his/her particular characteristics. This is why personality tests etc. are not very useful predictors of behavior or performance unless the person scores closer to the extremes than to the average.

If what you want to do is calculate the difference between two groups on characteristic X, the next question is, what do you want to know about that difference? If the difference is between biologically distinct groups that are also NOT socially distinct (good luck finding such a difference! - possibly something like right or left handedness, or D2:D4 differences??), then you might want to investigate biological (e.g., genetic, nutritional, etc.) causes for the difference, or perhaps effects of the difference. On the other hand, if the biological difference is associated with different social or cultural perceptions, roles, norms etc., disentangling cause and effect in explaining the origins or consequences of the difference requires impossibly large data sets with impossibly large numbers of variables. To some extent we can still make some sense of our observations by keeping alternative explanations in mind.

Jumping to metaphors such as "energy flows" and "currents" will only be useful if the theorists can specify how to define and measure these things and how they can be used to make and test predictions.

Yes, it is universal,

because according one of the basic law of Ayurveda and Spirituality, what is elements present in universe same elements also present in our body.

likewise in Hindu culture or mythology believed in Devine (parmatma) as a supreme god like that every person is a soul (Atma).

We believe in Shiv as permatma and shakti as a creativity shakti and shiv , are Incomplete without each other, likewise female is symbol of shakti and male is symbol of shiv, female and male are compliment of each other.

life exist on this planet with the help of these combination shiv and shakti means male and female.

Definitely personality traits are different in male and female but both are compliment of each other.

DEAR @Snehlata. Thank you for your reply. I wonder was your answer a way to share your personal beliefs or based in any sort of scientific model or theory? Best wishes Henrik

I cannot discuss these problems as an expert, but according to my personal observations, women (as well as men), doing "male" work, behave "like a man" and vice versa. A striking example is a woman in the position of a leader. The vast majority mimic the worst traits of male executives. In reality, it is difficult (or not possible) to separate biological (gender) and social (traditions, ideas).

Dear Henrik.

All i written here, they all are not my personal beliefs nor any science, but these all things are mentioned in our ancient literature of INDIA named veda.

Thanks

I personally regard "Big five personality traits model" as operating modes model rather than a personality traits. Personality traits model should include the traits of a person; such as knowledge, honesty, wisdom and so on. Basing on my foregoing assumption I think all the possible traits of a human being are equally present like seeds in women as well as men yet limited by extent of the boundaries. Further every seed has a tree within itself yet every seed does not transform into a tree.

I do agree with the wonderful opinion of dr. Monica Stevens ❤️🌹

I So agree with dr Vladimir Rotkin

Personality variations between men and women have a more heritability and socio-cultural basis than gender in particular. Cultural changes are very long-term, therefore the dynamics of personality variations are unhurried and steady.

Among four recent twin studies, the mean percentage for heritability was calculated for each personality and it was concluded that heritability influenced the five factors broadly. The self-report measures were as follows: openness to experience was estimated to have a 57% genetic influence, extra-version 54%, conscientiousness 49%, neuroticism 48%, and agreeableness 42%.

Refer to the study below:

Bouchard TJ, McGue M (January 2003). "Genetic and environmental influences on human psychological differences". Journal of Neurobiology. 54 (1): 4–45. doi:10.1002/neu.10160.

Also, differences in the magnitude of sex differences between more or less developed world regions were due to differences between men, not women, in these respective regions. That is, men in highly developed world regions were less neurotic, extra-vert, conscientious and agreeable compared to men in less developed world regions. Women, on the other hand tended not to differ in personality traits across regions.

Refer to the study below:

Schmitt DP, Realo A, Voracek M, Allik J (January 2008). "Why can't a man be more like a woman? Sex differences in Big Five personality traits across 55 cultures". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 94 (1): 168–182. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.94.1.168.

We cannot afford to create Men & Women in different compass .We should not forget that for every human being our mother remains creator of our life & it is in this line comparison between Men & Women is not justified in the sense that due to social culture in quite may cases remain may not receive the justification for their individual development . We know that just as Men remain have also a intellectual taste for which they have come up in the life in well many areas .

In women have not be given an requisite opportunity for her development in this case it is the responsibility of the member of the family or in our social fabrics are responsible for depriving the light type of opportunity

This is my personal opinion

Can it be so that even though some traits are seen as female and some male a lot kf women have traits regarded as typical nale and vice versa? Can environmental factors be a determinant?