The main faults in the distribution systems is the overcurrent faults which is caused by short circuit in the distribution system,and overload.This faults can be detected by overcurrent relays.
Three phase to ground and earth faults are the common faults in distribution system and over current relay, fuse, sectionalizer and recloser are the common devices use in protection system.
High-impedance faults considerably occur in distribution systems, which are rarely detected by traditional overcurrent relays or overload protection. Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) with advanced techniques can be used to detect and determine the fault location.
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As the distribution system is located nearer to the load centers the major faults are due to falling of tree branches which leads to L-G, L-L and L-L-G. Among all these the earth faults are quite common.
We have to agree with the answers given. Main type of protection in distribution at low voltages is overcurrent protection only. Mostly these are radial in nature. Highly frequent fault is line to ground fault.
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