The tactics to be used when dealing with conflict depend on the motivations which the parties bring to the table. During a crisis such as a disaster, the overriding requirement to 'solve a problem' can promote cooperation and override long standing disputes based on a history of very different motivations (eg. such as 'saving face' or 'doing harm).' It is important to recognize that framing disputes as problems to solve is not an overriding concern in many conflict situations whether international (think of China and Tibet; Israel and Palestine) or interpersonal (think of a divorce in which disputants are vested primarily in hurting their estranged partner.) The tactics a third party uses needs to take into account the intentions of the conflicting parties. One size does not fit all. If someone is motivated to harm the other, seeing that party individually and pointing out the harm it may do to oneself is more effective than initially bringing the disputants together. Similarly, if damaged trust is the issue, seeing disputants individually can exacerbate the conflict because it doesn't allow for the parties to 'see' that the other's motives are benign.

As Helen Weingarten noted above : "The tactics that a third party uses must take into account the intentions of the conflicting parties." Regardless of the intensity of the disaster / conflict, one must always be cognizant of the possibility (probability) that a given actor (individual or group) is being selfish or duplicitous or motivated in ways that are completely opposite to their stated position / action. Building / earning trust is key to moving toward positive contributions / solutions: Who can you trust?

I would like to read research about Healthy diplomacy and organizations responded to covid 19 virus? Especially since its crucial role playing as global security issues today( new years ), different strategies to prevent, corporate and reconciliate policy options between organizations and political actors. I think very interesting.

I'm retired and out of the loop but you may wanat to look at writings by Herb Kelman which consider the Israeli/Palestinian conflict among others. Good luck!

Helen Weingarten thank you! We are doing lot of analysis on security and policy study for Etho-nationalistic conflict. Very useful