Health experts are increasingly concerned by evidence of higher risks of brain and mental health disorders among COVID-19 survivors. A previous study found last year that 20% of COVID-19 survivors were diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder within three months. New findings, published in The Lancet Psychiatry journal, analyzed health records of 236,379 COVID-19 patients, mostly from the United States, and found 34% had been diagnosed with neurological or psychiatric illnesses within six months. The disorders were significantly more common in COVID-19 patients than in comparison groups of people who recovered from flu or other respiratory infections over the same time period, the scientists said, suggesting COVID-19 had a specific impact.
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-brain-idUSKBN2BT2ZI
https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/info-2021/brain-disorders-in-covid-survivors.html
So, could the Corona pandemic lead to a wave of mental and neurological problems? If yes, how this will happen?
All comments and contributions are welcome.
Manal Hadi Kanaan
Dear Professor,
Thank you for this important topic of discussion.
I would prefer to believe that already that wave of mental and neurological problems have started. I see many strange behavioral patterns in students when I am conducting online classes. Sometimes they get excited too easily, they get angry easily. They are not very attentive in many cases. They lost interest in studies. They do not understand why they have to study.
Actually, the solutions to this pandemic are against the fundamental rules of the human civilization. Our ancestors had built this civilization so that we could stay beside each other in times of trouble and support each other. But social isolation, is exactly against that. We are not only getting socially isolated but also sometimes mentally isolated. Its a very tough challenge that we are into.
In our Indian society, we have large families and are very much attached to our families. I cannot remember the last time that I met my uncles and aunts. I feel sad about this. The problem is that I do not see a solution.
Best regards,
Anamitra Roy.
Dear Dr. Anamitra Roy Thank you very much, Doctor, I am grateful for your contribution ... Indeed, I agree with you about that, the negative effects of isolation have begun to overshadow everyone and all of what you mentioned we suffer from as well. Indeed, I also notice that cases of violence, depression, suicide attempts, and many more psychological effects have increased greatly after the pandemic ... Yes, it is unfortunate that we witness that, while we are supposed to support each other against this pandemic ... My sincere gratitude Doctor.
Dear Dr. Muhammad Ihsan Thank you very much, Doctor, I am grateful for your contribution. My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
Dear Dr. Umar Ashraf Thank you very much, Doctor, I am grateful for your contribution. I also hope so, but unfortunately in a recent study, it revealed that a third of those recovering from Corona develop such symptoms within six months ... My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
Dear Dr. Terri Purvis
Thank you very much, Doctor, I am grateful for your contribution. Indeed, I agree with you that, there are still many studies that reveal the long-term effects of infection with this virus, and there is still a lot that has not been discovered yet ... Indeed, exhaustion has afflicted everyone, especially workers in the health sector, that they are truly heroes ... We hope that all these bad events will end one day ... My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
Yes it could, Mental and Neurological problem during Pandemic can occur as a direct effect of the virus on the nervous system (Encephalopathy and Neuropathy) or indirect effect due to the isolation and lockdown which cause many psychological issues.
Thank you
Dear Dr. Aqeel K. Hatem Thank you very much, Doctor, I am grateful for your contribution. Indeed, I completely agree with you on that, you have explained the reasons that may lead to such psychological and neurological problems, and that they may be directly due to the effect of the virus on the nervous system, or indirect due to the psychological effects of social isolation and the long-term psychological effects of the paralysis that afflicted all life facilities ... My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
People tend to enjoy home in short intervals, but the prolonged lock down due to recent pandemic has caused mental problems due to many reasons. Mainly it is because the avenues for entertainment during the period of staying home like going to a movie, eating out, enjoying a concert, travelling by public transport and meeting friends and family in person has been either curtailed or restricted with plenty of precautionary health measures. All those contribute to loneliness and depression!
Dear Dr. Rajat Chakraborti Thank you very much, Doctor, I am grateful for your contribution. Indeed, I completely agree with you about that, and because the human being is by nature social, these psychological effects began to appear, and this is the indirect effect of the disease due to isolation, and by fact, a case called Cabin fever appeared, which is characterized by depression, anxiety, psychological disorders and sleep disturbance ... My gratitude, Doctor.
C-19 survivor is suffering this kind problems because while they think about their earlier critical conditions they get the panic.
Dear Dr. Md. Abdur Razzak Choudhury Thank you very much, Doctor, I am grateful for your contribution. I totally agree with you about that, indeed, this may be one of the indirect reasons for the appearance of this feeling in them ... My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
Maybe the start of a new conflict in Israel is the result of mental and neurological problems of Israeli goverment after COVID.
Dear Dr. Vadym Slyusar Thank you very much, Doctor, I am grateful for your contribution. My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
According to WHO, "long after the fire of a Covid-19 infection, mental and neurological effects can still smolder". Please have a look at:
https://www.statnews.com/2020/08/12/after-covid19-mental-neurological-effects-smolder/
A useful pdf by WHO on the topic is attached!
Dear Dr. Ahmed T. Hussein Thank you very much, Doctor, I am grateful for your contribution. Indeed, I agree with that ... As recent studies indicated that a third of those recovering from Covid may develop neurological or psychological symptoms, and this may be due to the effect of the virus on the nervous system or as a result of the psychological effects that cast a shadow after recovering from the disease ... Many thanks for the useful and valuable links ... My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
Yes, the Corona pandemic could lead to a wave of mental and neurological problems. As the coronavirus pandemic spreads around the globe, it is causing widespread panic, worry, and concern among the general public, as well as specific groups such as older adults, caregivers, and people with underlying health conditions.
Yes, it is already a great threat to mental health, due to public anxiety, all kinds of health restrictions and emerging economic hardships.
Dear Dr. Hermann Gruenwald Thank you very much for your participation, Doctor. Indeed, I agree with you on that, we see such symptoms ... But a third of those recovered suffer from such symptoms, and here we are not talking about anxiety or psychological symptoms only, but about symptoms affecting the brain, this is a frightening percentage...My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
Dear Dr. Theogene Hakuzweyezu Thank you very much for your participation, Doctor. Indeed, I agree with you on that, the whole world is concerned about this issue ... And, in my opinion, it is not only because of fear, but rather everyone begins to feel that there is no light at the end of the road ... Whenever we feel that we are nearing the end, we go back to the starting point ... With great regret ... My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
Dear Dr. Stephen I. Ternyik Thank you very much for your participation, Doctor. Indeed, I agree with you on that, and this is the indirect effect of this pandemic on the psychological state of the human being, a man by nature is social and loves freedom ... Restriction, isolation, and anxiety not only on ourselves but also on those around us, in addition to the direct impact of the virus on the brain. ... All this data lead to the emergence of such cases ... My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
I think, mostly people have psychological very weak after this pandamic. I am also positive. Many time I afraid ki I have directly enfected etc.
Dear Dr. Dr Shashi Punam Thank you very much for your participation, Doctor. Indeed, I agree with you about that, I also noticed that there is an increase in cases of anxiety, boredom, lack of motivation to work, and even boredom from following up on communication means and other symptoms that indicate psychological impact ... We hope to remain positive ... My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
Yes. Many ways Covid-19 can create mental and neurological problems. Directly Coronavirous can inter into Neuron and can create mental and neurological problems. Also the indirect effect of Covid-19 due to the isolation and lockdown which cause many psychological issues.
Thank you very much.
Dear Dr. Tarik Hossain Thank you very much for your participation, Doctor. Indeed, I agree with you regarding the factors that you referred to that caused the emergence of psychological and neurological symptoms, which were represented in the direct and indirect effect of the pandemic on the brain and the psyche of humans ... My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
some times directly Corona virous can inter into Neuron and can create mental and neurological problems. this is the dangerous
Dear Dr. Dr Shashi Punam Thank you very much for your participation, Doctor. I agree with you about that...My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
One of the most common complication of the pandemic is its effect on the formation of clot on the brain arteries, there by it causes lack of oxygen and nutrient delivery to the brain tissue which again results neurologic impairments.
Dear Dr. Getasew Amogne Aynalem Thank you very much for your participation, Doctor. Thank you for sharing this useful information about the complications due to infection with the virus and the possibility of clot formation in the arteries of the brain, and certainly when a blood clot is formed there is a possibility of strokes, and this is a kind of direct effect of the virus on the brain ... My sincere gratitude, doctor.
Very important and stimulating discussion that targeted a current vital situation and provoked several valuable , challenging comments and information. Following to see and find out more !! Thanks for sharing.
This is a very relevant issue which is not only a result of the clinical consequences of the virus, but also a likely outcome of the psychological impact of the disease. This is an important aspect of the pandemic.
Dear Dr. Lamia Mustafa Al-Naama Thank you very much for your participation, Doctor. I am so grateful for your opinion...My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
Dear Dr. Chinonyerem O. Iheanacho Thank you very much for your participation, Doctor. I am so grateful for your opinion...My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
Thank you for initiating this timely discussion on this crucial issue. Your input is very informative and useful.
I think the Coronavirus is not only causing mental health and neurological illnesses among the affected people, rather this COVID-19 led pandemic is leading towards a series of mental health issues and neurological problems among those who are trying to stay home and keeping them safe. This is because of their social isolation and lack of physical movement.
Dear Dr. Mubina Khondkar Thank you very much for your participation, Doctor. I agree with you about that...And those people may be suffering from symptoms of cabin fever...My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
Dear Dr. Amina Sultan Thank you very much for your participation, Doctor. I am so grateful for your opinion...My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
Yes, the COVID-19 pandemic can affect the brain and cause mental and neurological disorders. This virus can infect the brain directly and cause neuropathy and encephalopathy. Systemic inflammation in peripheral organs can also pose some complications to the brain. Furthermore, isolation and critical illness of the patient can have some psychological effects on them, consequently triggering mental illnesses.
Dear Dr. Saheed Lawal Thank you very much for your participation, Doctor. Indeed, I totally agree with you about the possibility of a direct impact of the virus on the nervous system or the indirect effect of the pandemic as a result of isolation and the symptoms that accompanied long periods of isolation ... Thanks for the very valuable and useful information ... My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
Neuropsychiatric complications in Covid-19 are not uncommon and may occur directly in response to SARS-CoV2-induced inflammation or indirectly as results of circumstances imposed by the pandemic such as the lockdown, isolation and financial issues etc.
Pandemic taught us a lesson that long isolation and work from home are not a blessing but a headache and cause depression!
Dear Dr. Salman K. Ajlan Thank you very much for your participation, Doctor. Indeed, I completely agree with you, doctor about that, that these complications may arise for direct or indirect reasons, affecting the nervous system and the psyche of the individual ... My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
Dear Dr. Rajat Chakraborti Thank you very much for your participation, Doctor. Indeed, I agree with you about that, doctor, and many symptoms have appeared that indicate that which have been attributed to syndromes associated with isolation and the practice of our work at home, such as Cabin fever and Zoom fatigue ... For more information, you can check the following RG links which contains valuable opinions and answers of colleagues on those syndromes ... My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_do_you_know_about_the_Cabin_Fever_Koch_Syndrome_that_Corona_brought_us_into_Are_there_any_tips_and_advice_on_how_to_cope_with_it
https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_do_you_know_about_zoom_fatigue_Who_are_the_groups_most_vulnerable_to_it_And_why_Can_its_effects_be_minimized
I recommend that you see the following question in RG:
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Do_we_already_know_what_pandemic_fatigue_is
Dear Dr. Juana Maria Arcelus-Ulibarrena Thank you very much for your participation, Doctor. Indeed, I agree with that because humans are by nature social, so the period of isolation, the practice of work at home, the restriction of travel, and other practices that affected the human psyche, and here a condition called Cabin fever appeared, which is one of those fatigues that characterized by boredom, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and other psychological symptoms ... In fact, the origin of this syndrome is the symptoms that appeared in North America as a result of isolation for a long period in the winter period in the early twentieth century, as well as similar symptoms that appeared as a result of isolation due to typhoid fever in the early nineteenth century, and because in at that time, there were no means of communication, so the cases of nausea began in addition to symptoms of anxiety, boredom, and depression, so it was called fever ... And, of course, these symptoms began to appear due to the isolation associated with the pandemic today. I am so grateful for the very useful and valuable link about a very interesting debate ...My sincere gratitude doctor.
yes third of those who recovered from the Corona virus, after recovery, suffered from psychological and mental disorders, which raises more concerns about the negative effects that the Corona virus leaves even after recovery from it.
Dear @Manal Hadi Kanaan To my observation, Corona pandemic has resulted in a wave of mental problems. The root cause is perhaps "fear psychosis".
Best regards, AKC
The mental and neurological problems arising from post Covid infection can be aided by physical disability like malfunctioning of lungs, kidney and heart.
One in three Covid-19 survivors in a study of more than 230,000 were diagnosed with a brain or psychiatric disorder within six months, suggesting the pandemic could lead to a wave of mental and neurological problems. Researchers who conducted the analysis said it was not clear how the virus was linked to psychiatric conditions such as anxiety and depression, but that these were the most common diagnoses among the 14 disorders they looked at https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.indiatoday.in/amp/coronavirus-outbreak/story/neurological-mental-disorders-third-covid-survivors-1788393-2021-04-08
Those who experienced more severe COVID-19 had a greater risk of mental health and neurological diagnoses. Participants who experienced delirium, which is a sudden state of confusion, or encephalopathy, which is brain disease or damage, during their illnesses had the highest overall risk, at 62%, during the following 6 months. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/covid-19-1-in-3-diagnosed-with-brain-or-mental-health-condition#Links-with-disease-severity
Just imagine people with even mild Dementia. Their mental and neurological state steadily deteriorate with Covid-19 infections. The impact of current pandemic on human health is multifaceted.
Since it is a pandemic, it is affecting people mentally as people worry about their lifes.
While the number of psychiatric disorders locally have been very rare. But we're a people who have a very stoic attitude toward the question of life and death - if there's been any worry it's been that of infecting any other. The number of neurological disorders reported are very common, the most common one is chronic fatigue syndrome, and the loss of smell. Both which affect myself.
Heart problems have been reported in international press, and I can add one statistic of one for a person I know who lost his hearing, who were unaware he was infected until he got tested during MD appointment for the hearing problem.
Dear Dr. Arbind K. Choudhary Thank you very much for your participation, Doctor. Indeed, I agree with you on that, perhaps the reason behind the emergence of such psychological problems is fear psychosis ... My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
Dear Dr. Rajat Chakraborti thank you very much for your participation, Doctor. Indeed, I agree with you on that, there are many studies indicating many complications and long-term syndromes that follow infection with Covid ... For more information, this RG link contains many valuable links and opinions for colleagues on this debate ... I also completely agree with you that the impact of the pandemic is multifaceted, not only on public health but on all life facilities...My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Is_it_possible_for_long_term_effects_of_COVID-19_to_cause_different_syndromes
Dear Dr. Chinaza Godswill Awuchi thank you very much for your participation, Doctor. Indeed, I agree with you on that, a recent study indicated that a third of those recovering from Covid had developed neurological or psychological symptoms such as depression, delirium, and other symptoms within six months ... And it was either due to a direct effect of the virus on the brain or as a result of an indirect result of the effect of the disease on the psychological state of the individuals ... My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
Dear Dr. Kiprotich Kiptum thank you very much for your participation, Doctor. Yes, I agree with that, and as indicated by Dr. Arbind K. Choudhary, it may be that the reason behind the emergence of such psychological problems is fear psychosis ... My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
Dear Dr. Anders Forsgren thank you very much for your participation, Doctor. Indeed, there are many syndromes that affect many of the body's organs and systems and which occur as long-term complications of infection with Covid ... My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
Dear Dr. Raya Al-Naimi thank you very much for your participation, Doctor. Yes, me too... My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
The researchers estimate that the overall incidence of neurological or mental health diagnoses was 34%.
In the 6 months after their COVID-19 diagnoses, 13% of the participants received their first diagnosis of a neurological or psychiatric condition.
The most common diagnoses were anxiety disorders, in 17% of all the participants, mood disorders, in 14%, substance misuse disorders, in 7%, and insomnia, in 5%.
The incidence of neurological disorders was lower — 2.1% of all the participants experienced an ischemic stroke, 0.7% developed dementia, and 0.6% developed a brain hemorrhage.
This new study has been published in The Lancet PsychiatryTrusted Source.
please check this link https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/covid-19-1-in-3-diagnosed-with-brain-or-mental-health-condition
Dear Dr. Aqeel yousif Alshukri thank you very much for your participation, Doctor. Indeed, I agree with you about that ... And this is what raised the concern of scientists about the possibility of exposure to a wave of neurological and psychological symptoms after recovery from Covid ... And we notice such symptoms began to appear on some of the people around us after their recovery ... Thank you so much for sharing with us this valuable and useful information and links ... My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
Depending on the age group the mental and neurological deterioration tend to stay even during post Covid period. Again, it takes very long time to regain some of the mental and neurological stability. It is very early to comment on this aspect though!
Dear Dr. Rajat Chakraborti thank you so much...Indeed, I agree with you very much about that ... And we notice that in people who show such complications after their recovery from the disease ... I also agree that it is difficult and very early to assess these situations... My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
Dear Dr. Mohmmed Faris Thank you very much for your contribution and comment, yes, it is...I agree with you on that ... My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
The acuteness of mental and neurological problems after covid infection varies with the degree of infection along with immunity of the infected person. The symptoms take time following infection which varies from person to person. The use of mental depression counselling centers could be helpful!
Dear Dr. Rajat Chakraborti thank you very much for your participation, Doctor. Indeed, I agree with you about that, immunity plays an important role in facing diseases ... Although this virus surprises us with many variables ... Thank you for sharing with us this useful and valuable information ... My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
Dear Dr. Manal Hadi Kanaan, please refer to the article below:
Article Neurological manifestations and complications of coronavirus...
Dear Dr. Mohammad-Salar Hosseini thank you very much for your participation, Doctor. I am so grateful for sharing this valuable RG link with us, my sincere gratitude, Doctor.
As the coronavirus pandemic rapidly sweeps across the world, it is inducing a considerable degree of fear, worry and concern in the population at large and among certain groups in particular, such as older adults, care providers and people with underlying health conditions.
In public mental health terms, the main psychological impact to date is elevated rates of stress or anxiety. But as new measures and impacts are introduced – especially quarantine and its effects on many people’s usual activities, routines or livelihoods – levels of loneliness, depression, harmful alcohol and drug use, and self-harm or suicidal behaviour are also expected to end.
https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/05-10-2020-covid-19-disrupting-mental-health-services-in-most-countries-who-survey#:~:text=People%20with%20pre%2Dexisting,outcomes%20and%20even%20death.
Thanks and warm regards
Dr Sudhir Yadav
Corona (Covid-19) pandemic has significant effects on mental, physical, neurological, and so many problems. The young generation especially the school and college going teenagers getting in the verge of ruin. They have no school, private or coaching class, they only attending in some online virtual class. So, they staying mainly indoor and spending time on mobile phone and computer. That is why they are getting in ruin. Moreover, many people loosed their job, they are living inhuman life and suffering by mental and physical disorders.
Dear Dr. Sudhir KS Yadav thank you very much for your participation, Doctor. Indeed, I agree with you about that, the pandemic and the circumstances surrounding it have created global concern, and the elderly people, people with chronic diseases, and others who suffer from weak immunity are of course have greater than the concern about the disease ... But at the same time we notice an increase in cases of depression, boredom, anxiety, and attempted suicide, we often hear about such cases daily, at least in our country ... The situation may be different in other countries ... I am grateful for your participation, my sincere gratitude, Doctor.
Dear Dr. Biswajit Karmakar thank you very much for your participation, Doctor. Indeed, I agree with you in that Doctor, I have read a report by scientists who mainly warn of the consequences of distance education, which will have severe psychological future consequences for the generation of children and youth ... especially children because they are in normal situations and with their presence with their peers in the school used to have some of them suffering from psychological disorders ... How now when we are raising a generation that has been prevented from mixing with its peers, surely that will cast a negative shadow on their personalities and psyche in the future ... My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
Yes, one of the many negative effects of the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic is the increase in mental health conditions. Due to prolonged stay in home quarantine, more people develop depression and other mental health conditions. Negative psychological aspects also appear among young people who, due to the implementation of remote education in the form of e-learning, have limited contacts with their peers and social life is poorer. The solution to these problems is lifting lockdowns, home quarantine, etc. as soon as possible when the pandemic develops. In addition, psychological counseling should be provided for people with psychological illnesses.
Regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
Dear Dr. Dariusz Prokopowicz thank you very much for your participation, Doctor. Indeed, I completely agree with you that the negative effects of isolation due to the pandemic began to cast a shadow on our lives and in various fields, and the psychological aspect had the largest part of those effects... My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
As the coronavirus pandemic rapidly sweeps across the world, it is inducing a considerable degree of fear, worry and concern in the population at large and among certain groups in particular, such as older adults, care providers and people with underlying health
As the coronavirus pandemic rapidly sweeps across the world, it is inducing a considerable degree of fear, worry and concern in the population at large and among certain groups in particular, such as older adults, care providers and people with underlying health
As the coronavirus pandemic rapidly sweeps across the world, it is inducing a considerable degree of fear, worry and concern in the population at large and among certain groups in particular, such as older adults, care providers and people with underlying health
Dear Dr. Radhwan H Ibrahim thank you very much for your participation, Doctor. Indeed, the pandemic has affected all the facilities of life, and the psychological condition has had the largest part of that... My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
Bad news, misinformation, and hoaxes are more immediate mental problems e.g. "People who got COVID-19 vaccine will die in 2 years"
For the moment the short-term issues are causing more mental issues than long-term mental illnesses (which will only unfold with time and will remain a fear of the unknown.
Due to wide publicity on media about a misquote from a French Noble-Prize winner virologist " People who will receive COVID-19 vaccine will die in 2 years" is more cause of tension headache and mental problems who have already got complete set of the vaccine.
Although there are lot of clarifications now (1-2), but bad news die with difficulty.
1. https://www.deccanherald.com/national/fact-check-whatsapp-hoax-claims-nobel-laureate-said-all-vaccinated-people-will-die-within-2-years-989965.html
2. https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/will-all-vaccinated-people-die-in-2-years-fact-check
3.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wkZKRNDo5Ks
Dear Dr. Muhammad Yousuf thank you very much for your participation, Doctor. Indeed, I totally agree with you on that, this news and others with a negative nature have a great impact on the human psyche, so we always point out that social media may have two sides, the first is useful and the other, and unfortunately it is harmful when its goal is to mislead the facts ...Thank you for sharing us this very useful and valuable information and links...My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
I think the Corona pandemic must have negative effects mental and neurological problems. Due to corona problems, people can't move and work freely. Student can't go to school. They are studying online, but they are sometime misusing the net. The student may derail both physically and mentally.
Dear Dr. Biswajit Karmakar thank you very much for your participation, Doctor. Indeed, I agree with you in your point of view, the pandemic and isolation have affected all aspects of life, and in fact, the psychological aspect was the largest part of that... My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
Dear Dr. Emmanuel V Murray thank you very much for your participation, Doctor. Indeed, I agree with you on that...My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
Various mechanisms have been suggested including virus-induced pro-inflammatory and/or hyper-coagulable states, direct viral invasion of the CNS, and post-infectious immune- mediated processes.
Dear Dr. Ismail Ibrahim Ismail thank you very much for your participation, Doctor. We are so grateful for sharing your opinion about this debate with us...My sincere gratitude, Doctor.
The ongoing pandemic is unique in nature. Coronavirus has no boundaries and limitations. It can do everything and anything.
Dear Dr. Nafees Mohammad and Dr. Aref Wazwaz thank you very much for your participation, Doctors. We are so grateful for sharing your opinions about this debate with us...My sincere gratitude, Doctors.
