Which have larger ionic radius than Z? I have used citric acid and metal nitrate (1:1molar ratio) in water for synthesis and final heating at 600 C. My XRD trend shows the clear phase of y2o3 as well as lattice parameters are also not increasing but are instead decreasing and also show some random behaviour.
The effective ionic radius of Zn2+, Cu2+, Ag2+ and Y3+ are 74, 73, 94 and 90 pm. in principle all these materials can be doped in place of Zn2+ in ZnO but upto some extent. There are also reports available for the same
1)Synthesis, characterization and luminescence properties of Y-doped and Tb-doped ZnO nanocrystals
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092151070900138X
2)Solution-processed Ag-doped ZnO nanowires grown on flexible polyester for nanogenerator applications
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2013/nr/c3nr03402j#!divAbstract
3) The fabrication and optical properties of highly crystalline ultra-long Cu-doped ZnO nanowires
http://iopscience.iop.org/0957-4484/15/9/007
you should try other synthesis methods may be co-precipitation, combustion method for the same.
Hope the reply was useful for you.
Studying the literature, Nb, Al, Ga and other transition metal (oxides) seem appropriate and frequently used (see e.g.
Nanoscale Research Letters 7 (2012) 639 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276X-7-639 (this article is open access, I have attached it)
J. Phys. Chem. Solids 71 (2010) 784, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpcs.2010.02.001
Chem. Mater. 25 (2013) 4619, DOI: 10.1021/cm402974j
IEEE Trans. Electr. Dev. 54 (2007) 1040, DOI: 10.1109/TED.2007.89437
Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 (2012) 068103, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.068103
I think it depends on what you want: For magnetic materials, the transition metals are favourable (see the IEEE-Trans. paper), while for optoelectronic devices, Al3+-doping appears suited! Good luck, Dirk
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