Emission standards are fixed according to vehicle categories and engine types (SI or diesel).
You can find an overview of worldwide limits in this website: www.dieselnet.com.
Moreover, Delphi periodically publishes a booklet on worldwide emission standards for passenger cars and light duty vehicles.
Finally, you can find emission factors for unregulated pollutants downloading the document at the following link: http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2013/
No, at least in Europe. VOCs (or HC) are regulated as a whole, single species are not considered in the legislation, but are studied in investigations on unregulated pollutants, emission inventories, etc.
California has an emissions standard for formaldehyde in light-duty vehicle exhaust. You can search the California Air Resource Board website to get the standard out of the latest regulations. Likewise, I'd look at 40 CFR for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standards, which are also available for free on-line.
There are also U.S. Federal standards for formaldehyde emissions, beginning with the light-duty Tier 2 Standards and 2008 and later standards for heavy-duty gasoline vehicles.