Maximum of research paper on Dwt Watermarking follows the equation Watermarked=Cover +(alpha * watermark) but few paper uses, Watermarked=(1-alpha)Cover +(alpha * watermark). What is the difference between these two equation and whats its impact on watermarking scheme.
The research paper are using "Watermarked=Cover +(alpha * watermark)" because most of the algorithms are applied in transform domain and embedding watermark in transform domain with assumption that the transform coefficients are slightly modified. And reconstructing image by modified coefficients.
If you use want to "Watermarked=(1-alpha)Cover +(alpha * watermark)" then alpha should be small otherwise it watermark will reduced cover image feature and create visual artifacts. The alpha can not be 0 or 1, it will be between 0 to 1 depends on image and watermark characteristics.
K. K. Gupta Sir In one paper they have used Watermarked=(1-alpha)Cover +(alpha * watermark) in transform domain.Here below is the reference of paper
Sangeetha, N., and X. Anita. "Entropy based texture watermarking using discrete wavelet transform." Optik 160 (2018): 380-388.
I studied that paper, the WM is embedded in HH where the entropy is maximum. In modified band, the HH band coefficient's weightage is more than 70% and remaining is WM texture.
You can also do same experiment to validate your algorithm.
Good luck!!
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